NOT REPORTABLE
IN THE SOUTH GAUTENG HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA
JOHANNESBURG
	
	CASE NO:  25571/2011
	DATE:  2011-07-23
In the matter between
 JULIUS SELLO MALEMA.................................................................Applicant
and
 PIET RAMPEDI AND FOUR OTHERS........................................Respondent

J U D G M E N T
LAMONT, J:  Due to the urgency of the matter it is impossible to prepare a fully reasoned judgment.I merely highlight the principal factors upon which I rely for coming to the conclusion which I have.  
This is an application brought by the applicant for the following relief:
	      “2.  Interdicting and restraining the respondent from publishing the 
                following about and concerning the applicant.            
2.1.	That a businessman deposited R200 000 into an Absa account under his control as a reward for having facilitated a tender for his company.
2.2.	That the applicant sent the same businessman the Absa 	account number of a Short Message Service (SMS) and gave him 24 hours to deposit the money.
2.3.	That the applicant sent another SMS thanking him after receiving confirmation of payment.
2.4.	That the applicant uses the money deposited into the account of the Ratanang Family Trust to fund his lifestyle.
2.5.	That the applicant receives cash payments worth "thousands of Rands" from contractors, individuals and politicians into the Trust, in exchange for securing them lucrative tenders, protecting them politically or pushing their political agendas.  
2.6.	That the applicant charges a fee of at least 45 percent of the total profit made from a tender that he secured for a contractor".
	In addition, the applicant sought the costs of the application.  During the course of the argument the applicant indicated that to the extent that I was not prepared to grant final relief the applicant would seek temporary relief pending the finalisation of the application on a later date.
	The application arises out of correspondence between the respondents and the applicant.  On 21 July 2011 at approximately 15:30 Adriaan Basson, who describes himself as the Assistant Editor of City Press sent an email to various persons directing a series of questions to which the City Press wished the applicant to respond.  The questions concerned a series of questions relating to the Ratanang Family Trust in paragraphs 1 to 6.  There was no response by the applicant to these questions and there is no relief sought in relation to these questions.  
	In paragraph 7 a question was asked in relation to statements which had previously been made by the applicant that the state could look at "my account" as proof that he was poor.  The question asked pertinently by City Press was whether or not the reference to "my account" included a reference to the account of the Ratanang Family Trust and if not to which other accounts the applicant had referred.  There was similarly no response to this question and there is similarly no relief sought in relation to that question which was posed.  
	A question numbered 8 was made of the applicant asking him whether he had declared any monies received by the Trust to the South African Revenue Service.  There was no response to that question and similarly there is no relief sought in relation thereto.  
	The relief is sought in relation to questions 9 to 13 with which I shall deal later.  
	There are four further questions numbered 14 to 18 relating to a farm which had apparently been purchased by the Ratanang Family Trust which was identified and which is apparently bond free.  There were questions concerning the farm which were made of the applicant.  
	The final question (18) referred to a payment made by the Trust in respect of the Seshego Baptist Church and question was directed as to who the donor of the funds were into the Trust which were used to build the church.  
	In respect of questions 14 to 18 there was no reaction by the applicant and no relief is sought in relation thereto.  
	The relevant questions which formed the basis founding the application are the following.
"9.  City Press was told by a businessman that he deposited R200 000 into the Absa account of the Trust as a reward for you having facilitated a tender for his company.  Comment Query.
10.	The same businessman says you personally sent him the Absa account number on SMS, gave him 24 hours to deposit the money and sent another SMS, thanking him after receiving confirmation of payment?
11.	What is your response to the allegation that you used money deposited into the account of the Ratanang Family Trust to fund your lifestyle?
12.	What is your response to the allegation that you received cash payments worth "thousands of Rands" from contractors, individuals and politicians into the Trust in exchange for securing them lucrative tenders, protecting them politically or pushing their political agendas?
13.	What is your response to the claim that you charge a fee of at least 45 percent of the total profit made from a tender you secured for contractors?"
	During the course of argument it became apparent that the principal complaint of the applicant concerning the proposed publication of the facts set out supra was the linking of the causa for the deposit as having been the applicant's facilitation of a tender for his company.  	During argument it became apparent that the principal complaint of the applicant concerning the allegations made in paragraph 10 did not relate to the fact that a businessman had been given an account number at Absa on SMS and had received thanks after the monies had been deposited.  The complaint related to the action of the applicant in relation thereto.  
	Insofar as question 11 is concerned during argument it became apparent that the complaint was linked to the applicant having formed the view that the use of the money deposited related to the R200 000 deposited rather than to the general use of monies in the Trust i.e. there was no complaint concerning the applicant's use of monies from the Trust but rather to the allegation that the applicant had used the R200 000 from the Trust to fund his lifestyle.  The inference which the applicant drew in this regard that the query related to the R200 000 does not appear in my view to be warranted.  During argument the complaint concerning paragraphs 12 and 13 supra remained.  
	The submission was made that these were prima facie defamatory and that publication of those allegations should not be made.
	The response of the applicant to the set of queries which were made in the email which he was sent on 21 July 2011 are contained within the letter of the attorneys Mpoyana Ledwaba Inc of 22 July 2011.  The relevant portion of the letter is the following.
"Further to our earlier letter and subsequent further consultation our final instructions are that we act for and behalf of Mr Malema our client…..Our client's response to the questions 9 to 13 of your questions is that the information you received in respect thereof is false.  The publication thereof will defame our client.  Our instructions are to demand from your client as we hereby do an undertaking that you will not publish such defamatory information…"
	It is immediately apparent from the response of the applicant that he was sufficiently apprised of the factual data in the letter of 21 July 2011 to be able to assess the data and identify the facts to which the data related.  There is no complaint that the information which he was given and in respect of which he was to provide his comment was so vaguely supplied to him that he was unable to deal with the allegations which were being made. Hence I find that he was in a position to properly answer the letter and properly set forward facts which would cast a different light upon the issue should he have wished to do so. 
	 The position is that the applicant well knew what the questions related to, well was able to deal with them, and stated that they were false.  
	This matter came before me as a matter of extreme urgency and under severe time pressures. Affidavits were prepared both by the applicant and by the respondent.  The respondent when it filed the answering affidavit simultaneously filed an application in the following terms:
"1.  That the applicant be ordered to disclose the interest that this Trust has (with reference to the Ratanang Family Trust) directly or indirectly in companies, corporations or properties and the income derived from these sources.
2.	That the applicant in his capacity as the sole trustee of the Ratanang Family Trust furnish to the respondent all bank statements relating to the said Trust from May 2008 to date hereof.
3.	That the applicant be ordered to state on oath what the sources of income for the Ratanang Family Trust are.
5.		Cost of suit".
	The applicant has not been afforded any opportunity to deal on affidavit with the application.  The application however, highlights to the applicant an issue with which he could had he wished to have dealt namely the disclosure of further information concerning the issues forming the subject matter of the proposed publication.  
	The applicant has declined to furnish any further information and relies on his right in due course to deal with the application.  The application is not urgent.  It does however have a bearing upon the present application in that it affords the applicant an opportunity to make further disclosure should he wish to do so.  
	In my view and I propose in due course to make the appropriate order that application should be postponed with the parties being placed on appropriate terms to file answering and replying affidavits and in due course it can be heard.
	The respondent in its answering affidavit relied upon the fact that it had obtained information underlying the questions which it had posed to the applicant and hence underlying the proposed publication (the precise wording of which does not appear).  However, it is anticipated by the applicant legitimately so because the respondent has undertaken its defence on this basis that the publication will publish the facts and matters relating to the questions which have been asked.  
	The respondents have relied upon sources whose identities are not revealed on the basis that they fear victimisation as the applicant is a powerful political figure and whether correctly or incorrectly they fear retaliation.  
	The pertinent point of the affidavit filed by the respondent is that they have a source who has disclosed the information to them which underlies the questions which were asked and which will found the publication. 
	There is corroborative evidence of the existence of the source.  I was given an attenuated transcript of the evidence and I was informed by counsel that there is a tape recording of the source's evidence.  The respondent declined to produce except to me alone both the tape recording and the transcript.  There is however and I accept counsel's word in this regard the existence of such evidence.  I saw the attenuated transcript and superficially looked at it. Superficially it appears to deal with the issues which are set out in paragraph 9 to 13 of the request.  
	The further fact upon which the applicant relies is that the source is reliable.  It tenders as evidence for the reliability of the source the fact that various additional matters which are not contested by the applicant emanated from the source and it has proved to be correct. This matter included for example the existence of the Trust and the ownership by the Trust of the property.  The respondent accordingly states that it has a proper and reasonable set of facts upon which the article can be founded.
	The test which I should apply to the question of whether or not the publication should be allowed is set out in National Media Limited and Others v Bogoshi 1998(4) (SA) 1196 SCA at 1212G-1213A where the following appears.
"The publication in the press of false defamatory allegations of fact will not be regarded as unlawful if upon a consideration of all the circumstances of the case it is found to have been reasonable to publish the particular facts in the particular way at the particular time".

	The first question which I must answer is whether or not the allegations of fact made by the respondent in the form of questions are supported by fact.  That involves a consideration of both the source and the response of the applicant to the questions which were made.  As I have set out previously the applicant dealt very superficially with fairly detailed allegations which were made, allegations which he could understand, and with which, had he wished to deal in more detail he could have.  
	There is no requirement upon him to have dealt with it in more detail, however, it is a factor which I take into account that he failed to deal with the matter in more detail than he did.  
	I weigh that fact against the fact that there is a witness who has provided detailed information some of which to date has been proven to be correct.  
	While I do not find that the allegations are true, I approach the whole matter on the basis that there is some substance to the claims of the respondent that the source is reliable.
	The applicant has a right not to be defamed. I however must take into account also the right of the public to receive information.  The applicant in the present matter is a high profile public figure.  He has made controversial statements at times.  At present there is a discussion in the press concerning whether or not his income justifies his expenses.  The question of the income of the applicant is topical and is relevant to that issue.  
	The public is entitled in general terms to have full disclosures concerning persons who stand in a public position and who are high profile personalities, who invite comment about themselves.  As was said in Argus Printing and Publishing and Company Limited and Others v Esselins Estate 1994(2) SA 1 (A) at 25B-E by Corbett CJ:
"I agree and I firmly believe that the freedom of expression of the press is a potent and indispensable instrument for the creation and maintenance of a democratic society but it is trite that such freedom is not and cannot be permitted to be totally unrestrained.  The law does not allow the unjustified savaging of an individual's reputation.  The right of free expression enjoyed by all persons including the press must yield to an individual's right which is just as important not to be unlawfully defamed.  I emphasise the word unlawfully for in striving to achieve an equitable balance between the right to speak your mind and the right not to be harmed by what others say about you the law has devised a number of defences…"

	The relevant defence is that which I have referred to supra and which is set out in Bogoshi and subsequent decisions.  
	In the matter of Lieberthal and Primedia Broadcasting 2003(5) SA 45 Cachalia J stated (in a judgment which is convenient to cite having regard to the short time available to me) that the law of defamation strikes an appropriate balance between the protection of freedom on the one hand and the value of human dignity encompassing good name and reputation on the other.  
	The more recent statement on the question of the Constitution and the principles is to be found in Midi Television (Pty)LTD t/a ETV v Director of Public Prosecutions (Western Cape) 2007 (5) SA540 SCA.  At paragraph 19 and following, Nugent JA stated:
"19.  In summary a publication will be unlawful and thus susceptible to being prohibited only if the prejudice that the publication might cause to the administration of justice is demonstrable and substantial and there is a real risk that prejudice will occur of publication takes place.  Mere conjectural speculation that prejudice might occur will not be enough.  Even then publication will not be unlawful unless the court is satisfied the disadvantage of curtailing the free flow of information outweighs its advantage.  In making that evaluation it is not only the interest of those who are associated with the publication that needs to be brought to account but more important the interest of every person in having access to information.  Applying the ordinary principles that come into play when a final interdict is sought, if a risk of that kind is clearly established and it cannot be prevented from occurring by other means a ban on publication that is confined in scope and in content and in duration to what is necessary to avoid the risk might be considered.

20 Those principles which seem to me to be 	applicable whenever a court is asked to restrict 	the exercise of press freedom for the protection of the administration of justice whether by a ban on publication or otherwise they would also seem to me apply with appropriate adaptation whenever the exercise of press freedom is sought to be restrained in protection of another right".

	Thereafter the court referred to the well known case of Hixs Networking Technologies v System Publishers (Pty)Ltd and Another 1997 (1) SA 391 A where at 398 was stated that the respondents should lay a sustainable foundation for their averments that is the words which were accepted as being prima facie defamatory.  There is a sustainable foundation for the averments made by the respondents.  
	I must give consideration to the test which is to be applied where the person who seeks the restricting on the publication is a public figure.  Professor McQoid-Mason has been quoted by Jajbhay J Tshabalala-Msimang & Another v Makhanya & Others 2008 (6) SA 118 (WLD) as Layine down the following test.
"In short it is submitted that the test where a person is a public figure should be: has he by his personality, status or conduct exposed himself to such a degree of publicity as to justify an intrusion into or public discourse on certain aspects of his private life?  However non actionable intrusions in his privacy should be limited to those that are in the public interest or for the public benefit so that unjustified prying into personal affairs unrelated to the person's public life may be prevented".

	Applying the test in McQoid-Mason as approved by Jajbhay J it is apparent that the applicant is a public person and that the intrusion into his private life would be warranted.  The aspect of his private life which are considered are in the public interest in that they are topical and concern attempts to cast light upon claimed inconsistency in the applicants lifestyle.
	The only remaining question is whether having regard to the facts which are before me which I have set out fully supra the test in Bogoshi's case has been met.  
	In my view sufficient factors have been set out to establish that there is a reliable source who has disclosed information.  That information was not dealt with issuably.  That too there is no obligation on the applicant to have dealt with it otherwise than that he did, however, it leads to the inference being drawn that the enquiries which have been made by the respondent meet the test of reasonableness. 
	In my view accordingly the application must fail.  
	During the course of the hearing I indicated that the proceedings should proceed in camera and I excluded the press from the hearing.  I did so as at that stage it was not clear to me whether or not the publication of the matter should be prohibited and there would have been in my view no point in allowing the press to remain present and to publish information which the applicant sought to be prohibited from being published by the third respondent. 
	When I formed the view that the publication should not be prohibited I invited the members of the public including the press who wished to return to court to return to it and then I delivered the judgment.  The order which I made that the hearing be in camera was withdrawn prior to that. The documents forming the record are available as public record to whosoever may wish to consult them.  
	There remains to be considered the question of the further conduct of the counter application, which was brought by the respondents.  Before I make any orders, I feel it appropriate to raise the issue of timing with counsel as to the future conduct of that issue.  
	I accordingly make the following order.  
	1.	Insofar as the application brought by the applicant, Mr Malema, against the respondents is concerned: 
		1.1	that application is dismissed with costs.  
2.	Insofar as the counter application brought by the respondents is concerned: 
2.1	that application is postponed sine die.  
2.2	the applicant in that application is granted leave within 10 days to supplement the affidavits and amend the notice of motion in whatsoever way it deems appropriate and is advised.
2.3	the costs of that application to date are reserved.