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City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality v Unlawful Occupiers of the Immovable Property at Portion 102 and Others (10264/2020) [2021] ZAGPJHC 842 (9 June 2021)

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REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA

GAUTENG LOCAL DIVISION, JOHANNESBURG

 

Case No: 10264/2020

 

REPORTABLE: YES / NO

OF INTEREST TO OTHER JUDGES: YES/NO

REVISED.

9/06/21

 

In the matter between:

 

CITY OF EKURHULENI METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY     APPLICANT

 

and

 

THE UNLAWFUL OCCUPIERS OF THE IMMOVABLE

PROPERTY AT PORTION 102, HOLGATFONTEIN 326

IR, NIGEL, also known as MACKENZIEVILLE EXT 2              1ST RESPONDENT

 

CITY OF EKURHULENI METROPOLITAN

POLICE DEPARTMENT (“SAPS”)                                            2ND RESPONDENT

SOUTH AFRICAN POLICE SERVICES

(“EMPD”)                                                                                    3RD RESPONDENT

TIFFANY BARNARD (MS)                                                         4TH RESPONDENT

NONHLANHLA MKHALIPHI (MRS)                                           5TH RESPONDENT

BRENDA OCTAVIA MKHALIPHI (MS)                                       6TH RESPONDENT

B J WILLARD (MR)                                                                    7TH RESPONDENT

SHARM ROGERS (MR)                                                               8TH RESPONDENT

HANS KAYSTER (MR)                                                                9TH RESPONDENT

LETOYA GIBBS (MS)                                                                   10TH RESPONDENT

SANA PRETORIUS (MRS)                                                            11TH RESPONDENT

J CEASER (MR)                                                                             12TH RESPONDENT

JEANY NKOSI (MRS)                                                                    13TH RESPONDENT

GABRIEL LOTTERING (MR)                                                        14TH RESPONDENT

ALLAN JOSEPH FORTUIN (MR)                                                  15TH RESPONDENT

ALISTAIRE CLIVE MMULLE                                                        16TH RESPONDENT

CHESLIN WINSTON ADAMS                                                      17TH RESPONDENT

LUCIAN GALLON                                                                         18TH RESPONDENT

TSHEHLA KHUSTO SQUATE                                                     19TH RESPONDENT

DELICIA BAMBISA                                                                       20TH RESPONDENT

MZWAKHE LAWRENCE HLOPHE                                               21ST RESPONDENT

WAHIED ELIE                                                                                22ND RESPONDENT

CHANTELL LEACH                                                                       23RD RESPONDENT

DERIO MARK LOUWSKITTER                                                     24TH RESPONDENT

ELLAINE BEVERLEY MOPP                                                        25TH RESPONDENT

ALRANE JULIAN BRANDT                                                          26TH RESPONDENT

CRYSTAL VAN WYK                                                                    27TH RESPONDENT

GERALDINE KATRIENA MITCHELL                                           28TH RESPONDENT

LUCY TSOTETSI                                                                           29TH RESPONDENT

MARIA SCHROEDER                                                                    30TH RESPONDENT

SHARON MICHELLE CROTZ                                                       31ST RESPONDENT

CLEOPATRA LIVOIDIA KIKIA                                                     32ND RESPONDENT

SHIRLY-ANN SHOEMONE ESBEND                                           33RD RESPONDENT

JENNIFER WENDY DIENIE                                                         34TH RESPONDENT

FARZAANA MANGERA                                                               35TH RESPONDENT

MARRIAM JINA                                                                            36TH RESPONDENT

PHAKISO THABANA                                                                    37TH RESPONDENT

NATASHA BETTY WATSON                                                        38TH RESPONDENT

THANDEKA FOURIE                                                                     39TH RESPONDENT

INALEE CHIRENE MALO                                                              40TH RESPONDENT

MBALI SHARON MAIMELA                                                          41ST RESPONDENT

SARAIT GEORGE                                                                           42ND RESPONDENT

JEROME BADENHORST                                                                43RD RESPONDENT

YVONNE COETZEE                                                                        44TH RESPONDENT

RASHAAD IQBAL HASSIM                                                             45THRESPONDENT

KEVIN EDWIN ATLEE                                                                    46TH RESPONDENT

HOLLITTO PAUL D’ALMEIDA                                                        47TH RESPONDENT

THOBEKA MAHLANGU                                                                  48TH RESPONDENT

BRANDON MARTIN RICHARDS                                                    49TH RESPONDENT

ALRANE BRANDT                                                                          50TH RESPONDENT

REAGAN GRANT SALLIE                                                             51ST RESPONDENT

BERENICE ETHNE PETERSON                                                    52ND RESPONDENT

NICO FRANCIS                                                                               53RD RESPONDENT

KYLE MULLER                                                                                54TH RESPONDENT

LOUIS PRECIOUS HERMANUS                                                     55TH RESPONDENT

REAGEN WALTER BEKKER                                                          56TH RESPONDENT

SUZETTE PEACOCK                                                                      57TH RESPONDENT

FELICIA MERCIA PEAHBHAY                                                        58TH RESPONDENT

STELLA LAURA JOUBERT                                                             59TH RESPONDENT

PATRICIA BOSMAN                                                                         60TH RESPONDENT

ELBERINA STEYN                                                                           61ST RESPONDENT

ELTON KING                                                                                    62ND RESPONDENT

SHANE ZAAN BRANDT                                                                   63RD RESPONDENT

PIETHERMANES FILANDER                                                           64TH RESPONDENT

QUINTON VAN WYK                                                                     65TH RESPONDENT

WYOLIN WENNAAR                                                                       66TH RESPONDENT

LEON PILLAY                                                                                  67TH RESPONDENT

JULIUS CEASER                                                                             68TH RESPONDENT

VIVIEN HUMAN                                                                                69TH RESPONDENT

JACQUES MEYER                                                                          70TH RESPONDENT

VIDONIA NADIA KLEIN                                                                   71ST RESPONDENT

SAUL ROOI                                                                                       72ND RESPONDENT

JOHN JACOBS                                                                                73RD RESPONDENT

ERNEST MAKHUBO                                                                        74TH RESPONDENT

LIZZY SMITH                                                                                    75TH RESPONDENT

DOYI LETTIE ZWANE                                                                      76TH RESPONDENT

ANDRE ALEXANDER                                                                     77TH RESPONDENT

MALCOM CLYDE SMITH                                                               78TH RESPONDENT

ANUSHCAR KLEIN                                                                         79TH RESPONDENT

THANDIWE MEFANE                                                                     80TH RESPONDENT

FATIMA SCHROEDER                                                                   81ST RESPONDENT

QUEENIE MARKGRAAF                                                                82ND RESPONDENT

JOAN BHAQA                                                                                 83RD RESPONDENT

DAVID WAGNER                                                                             84TH RESPONDENT

TEBOGO TSHELO                                                                         85TH RESPONDENT

ANNA LINA FRANCIS                                                                     86TH RESPONDENT

BONGANI JAMES NAPE                                                                 87TH RESPONDENT

MORNE KELLY                                                                               88TH RESPONDENT

CHRISTINE ABRAHAMS                                                                89TH RESPONDEN

T SHELDON BADENHORST                                                           90TH RESPONDENT

RASHEED JEREMIAH                                                                     91ST RESPONDENT

REAGAN GRANT SALLI                                                                  92ND RESPONDENT

HENDRIK VAN HEERDEN                                                            93RD RESPONDENT

QUINTON WEBB                                                                             94TH RESPONDENT

LUCAS JOHANNESBATES                                                             95TH RESPONDENT

GRAHAM GRAY                                                                              96TH RESPONDENT

ELIZABETH JOUBERT                                                                  97TH RESPONDENT

 MBALI MAPHALALA                                                                     98TH RESPONDENT

LYDIA ROOS                                                                                   99TH RESPONDENT

RICARDO SWARTZ                                                                        100TH RESPONDENT

RAQUEL BROOKS                                                                         101ST RESPONDENT

VANESSA WILLIAMS                                                                     102ND RESPONDENT

DANIEL MOHAPI                                                                             103RD RESPONDENT

DORAH VAN BILION                                                                      104TH RESPONDENT

NATALIE SNYDERS                                                                       105TH RESPONDENT

WILLBA CATHERINE SELINDER                                               106TH RESPONDENT

WARLIED BANOO                                                                          107TH RESPONDENT

BERENICE SWATZ                                                                         108TH RESPONDENT

LORENZO LOUW                                                                            109TH RESPONDENT

SHERYLENE LOUW                                                                      110TH RESPONDENT

FABIAN ZIEGERS                                                                           111TH RESPONDENT

RIAAZ ABDULLA GUMAN                                                            112TH RESPONDENT

OCTAVIA ROUX                                                                              113TH RESPONDENT

 LEEBAN ROUX                                                                               114TH RESPONDENT

MEGAN WEBB                                                                                 115TH RESPONDENT

SAMANTHA ABRAHAMS                                                              116TH RESPONDENT

MARCOLENE WEBB                                                                      117TH RESPONDENT

GERONIMO LOUW                                                                         118TH RESPONDENT

AZELIA FARLENE SOUTHEN                                                       119TH RESPONDENT

RONA HOWARD                                                                             120TH RESPONDENT

M DEJONG                                                                                       121ST RESPONDENT

LINDIWE NGUZA                                                                            122ND RESPONDENT

THULANI BUTHELEZI                                                                  123RD R ESPONDENT

PHUMZILE LIZZY MNUNE                                                           124TH RESPONDENT

ALIDA WANDA POST                                                                   125TH RESPONDENT

SHANEE DANIELLE                                                                      126TH RESPONDENT

DION SAMUEL JAMES HARRISON                                           127TH RESPONDENT

NKOSINATHI WILFRED NKOSI                                                  128TH RESPONDENT

ISOLONE MICHELLE KENNY                                                     129TH RESPONDENT

FIONA MARTIN                                                                               130TH RESPONDENT

ROBIN DIANE ADAMS                                                                  131ST RESPONDENT

SAMUEL BROWN                                                                          132ND RESPONDENT

JAUNITA SYLVIA BEUKES                                                         133RD RESPONDENT

JACK ISAACS                                                                                 134TH RESPONDENT

REGGIE CRISTJAN MOLEFE                                                     135TH RESPONDENT

DOWNWAY STUURMAN                                                              136TH RESPONDENT

THADEUS DUBER                                                                         137TH RESPONDENT

SHEREEZ BEYERS                                                                       138TH RESPONDENT

RENE’ BEYERS                                                                              139TH RESPONDENT

INGRID KOEKEMOER                                                                   140TH RESPONDENT

TLOU FRANS KGOMO                                                                  141ST RESPONDENT

PUTI PHINEAS KGOMO                                                                142ND RESPONDENT

MADIMETJA STEPHEN NONG                                                   143RD RESPONDENT

LESLEY JOHN MALONEY                                                           144TH RESPONDENT

SHIELA STOMPIE ESAU                                                              145TH RESPONDENT

MBALI MAPHALALA                                                                     146TH RESPONDENT

SONIA PATIENCE JENLLEE NAIDOO                                      147TH RESPONDENT

EDWIN SAMUELS                                                                          148TH RESPONDENT

PERSERVERENCE MAHLANGU                                                149TH RESPONDENT

BRENDON EPHRAIM KOCK                                                       150TH RESPONDENT

LUCY DIPUO TSOTETSI                                                              151ST RESPONDENT

GERT JOHANNES BLOCK                                                          152ND RESPONDENT

KLARA IRENE FELICITY GEORGE                                           153RD RESPONDENT

BUSI CINDY MTSWENI                                                                 154TH RESPONDENT

RUAN BRANDON HOWARD                                                       155TH RESPONDENT

CAROL ANNE CAROLS                                                               156TH RESPONDENT

OSWILL BEYERS                                                                          157TH RESPONDENT

BEN SPEELMAN                                                                            158TH RESPONDENT

KARIEM ROOS                                                                               159TH RESPONDENT

BANELE NGWENYA                                                                      160TH RESPONDENT

RANDALL THOMPSON MABASO                                              161ST RESPONDENT

JOSEPH MAPOTO                                                                         162ND RESPONDENT

PERSERVERANCE JEANINE MABASO                                   163RD RESPONDENT

DUDUZILE REJOICE NENE                                                         164TH RESPONDENT

RENE BEYERS                                                                               165TH RESPONDENT

CHARMAINE BEYERS                                                                  166TH RESPONDENT

RINA SWARTS                                                                               167TH RESPONDENT

ALLEGRO WILLARD                                                                     168TH RESPONDENT

SHADRACK MOKOENA                                                               169TH RESPONDENT

GERTRUIDA JAARS                                                                      170TH RESPONDENT

MATHEW BERGMAN                                                                    180TH RESPONDENT

MARIA TSHABANGU                                                                    181ST RESPONDENT

EUGENE SAAL                                                                               182ND RESPONDENT

SONTO SABA                                                                                  183RD RESPONDENT

ANTHONY MORRIS                                                                       184TH RESPONDENT

BUSISIWE MFAKU                                                                         185TH RESPONDENT

MAGGIE THANDY MAKHOBA                                                    186TH RESPONDENT

ANDREA MAANSDORP                                                                187TH RESPONDENT

SEVRIANO MARRICK BENTLEY                                               188TH RESPONDENT

FRANKLIN DAVIDS                                                                       189TH RESPONDENT

EMLYN SMITH                                                                                190TH RESPONDENT

MAHALI BRENDA MATLALI                                                        191ST RESPONDENT

SENZO LOUIS MASEKO                                                              192ND RESPONDENT

CAMPHERDANICA BROWN                                                        193RD RESPONDENT

NHLANHLA VINOLIA MTIMUNYE                                              194TH RESPONDENT

IVAN FRANK MORRIS                                                                  195TH RESPONDENT

FARREL MARTIN                                                                           196TH RESPONDENT

DIEGO PROBET                                                                             197TH RESPONDENT

SALOME WHITNEY SMITH                                                         198TH RESPONDENT

SOPHIE MARTHA MKALIPE                                                       199TH RESPONDENT

BETTY MATSHIGA                                                                        200TH RESPONDENT

SHAULLIN GILBERT                                                                     201ST RESPONDENT

ZELDA CONSTANCE BRENDA ROOS                                     202ND RESPONDENT

ANDILE SHABALALA                                                                   203RD RESPONDENT

CHARMAINE ROOS                                                                       204TH RESPONDENT

ASHRIFF SHARIEF GUMAN                                                        205TH RESPONDENT

KHAVELA TSUMANE                                                                   206TH RESPONDENT

PREVEIN FRANK VOLMINK                                                        207TH RESPONDENT

THABISILE PRECIOUS PULE                                                     208TH RESPONDENT

RICARDO DELLANO VISAGIE                                                    209TH RESPONDENT

MALCOLM CLYDE SMITH                                                           210TH RESPONDENT

PHUMZILE LIZZY MNUNI                                                             211TH RESPONDENT

ANDRE ALEXANDER                                                                    212TH RESPONDENT

HENRIETTE SWARTS                                                                  213TH RESPONDENT

CLEODINE NEL                                                                              214TH RESPONDENT

ANGELA SMITH                                                                             215TH RESPONDENT

BIANCA BADENHORST                                                               216TH RESPONDENT

MARIA KLEINTJIE MOOS                                                            217TH RESPONDENT

NDWAMATO DANIEL PHASWANA                                           218TH RESPONDENT

PRESTON CHARLES SOLOMONS                                            219TH RESPONDENT

SIDNEY KHAN                                                                                220TH RESPONDENT

BYRON MARCUS                                                                           221ST RESPONDENT

JESSICA ROSEMONDE SPEELMAN                                        222ND RESPONDENT

PATRICIA PHILANDER                                                                223RD RESPONDENT

ANGELIQUE BROOKS                                                                 224TH RESPONDENT

DARRYL COX                                                                                  225TH RESPONDENT

JOHN TSHABALALA                                                                    226TH RESPONDENT

BJ WILLIAMS                                                                                  227TH RESPONDENT

BRAECHELLE WILLARD                                                             228TH RESPONDENT

ROSETTA ROOS                                                                            229TH RESPONDENT

LORENZO LOUW                                                                           230TH RESPONDENT

LIZELLE MAGDELINE LOUW                                                     231ST RESPONDENT

LABIONDE ANNE LOUW                                                             232ND RESPONDENT

RAIDEN VAN WYK                                                                         233RD RESPONDENT

LINDIWE NGUZA                                                                            234TH RESPONDENT

EDITH KENNY                                                                                235TH RESPONDENT

URSULA PORCIA PETERSON                                                   236TH RESPONDENT

JUSTIN MOOSA BROOKS                                                           237TH RESPONDENT

LETHUKUTHULA SABELO NKOSI                                            238TH RESPONDENT

THOKOZILE PATRICIA ROUX                                                    239TH RESPONDENT

DOCTOR KLAAS ZWANE                                                              240TH RESPONDENT

STOFFEL RICARDO VAN HEERDEN                                       241ST RESPONDENT

STEPHANIE SCHALKWYK                                                         242ND RESPONDENT

JAFTA EPHRAIM NKOSI                                                              243RD RESPONDENT

SAUL MARTINS ROOS                                                                 244TH RESPONDENT

SHANEE KHAN                                                                               245TH RESPONDENT

NATASHA KLARA SKARNEK                                                    246TH RESPONDENT

ANATTIO NHLAPO                                                                        247TH RESPONDENT

SAFIRAH MARUPENG MOKWANA                                           248TH RESPONDENT

RICHMAN NTOKOZA MATHE                                                     249TH RESPONDENT

WONIQUE FERRIS                                                                        250TH RESPONDENT

SHANAY KORDOM                                                                        251ST RESPONDENT

ANNELINE VAN GREENEN                                                         252ND RESPONDENT

ELROY PEACOCK                                                                         253RD RESPONDENT

EUGENIA GOLIATH                                                                       254TH RESPONDENT

CELA DE ABREU                                                                           255TH RESPONDENT

GOODMAN JOHANNES ZWANE                                                256TH RESPONDENT

ANGELA VAN DER WESTHUIZEN                                            257TH RESPONDENT

LINDA THEMBEKA GOVA                                                           258TH RESPONDENT

ESTA MAHLANGU                                                                         259TH RESPONDENT

PINKANA EMILY HADEBE                                                          260TH RESPONDENT

LUCHANDRE JANLE CORDELIA MARKGRAAF                   261ST RESPONDENT

CHRISTINE THERESA ABRAHAMS                                          262ND RESPONDENT

KASHIEFA CHARLES                                                                   263RD RESPONDENT

NKOSIVEZWE SYDNEY MKONZA                                             264TH RESPONDENT

LOEKIE NAIDOO                                                                            265TH RESPONDENT

TINA MINAAR                                                                                  266TH RESPONDENT

LAWRENCE ROOS                                                                        267TH RESPONDENT

GIOVANNO VERGAEL MOOS                                                     268TH RESPONDENT

SIMONE BROOKS                                                                         269TH RESPONDENT

DARIUN MARSHALL                                                                     270TH RESPONDENT

CHESTER STEPHEN SOLOMONS                                            271ST RESPONDENT

ROSSLYN SMITH                                                                           272ND RESPONDENT

LYDIA MMAKGONE CHOEU                                                       273RD RESPONDENT

NATASHA BRUMMER                                                                  274TH RESPONDENT

THANDIWE ANNAH MEFANE                                                     275TH RESPONDENT

LOUISA PRECIOUS HERMANUS                                              276TH RESPONDENT

KEAGAN MARCO ROSE                                                              277TH RESPONDENT

EMMANUEL DENNIS SMITH                                                       278TH RESPONDENT

COLIN HENLEY ADRIAN MAY                                                    279TH RESPONDENT

KARIN CLASSEN                                                                           280TH RESPONDENT

JESSICA DUANNE LOUWSKITTER                                          281ST RESPONDENT

GAVA EAGLESTONE                                                                    282ND RESPONDENT

WARREN ANGELO NAIDOO                                                       283RD RESPONDENT

LEAREIL STEFFORD SHAWN                                                    284TH RESPONDENT

DOCTOR KLAAS ZWANE                                                             285TH RESPONDENT

FRANKLIN DAVIDS                                                                       286TH RESPONDENT

MARK HAROLD OGLE                                                                  287TH RESPONDENT

MPENDULO PROGRESS NZIMANDE                                       288TH RESPONDENT

DEIDRE PADAYACHEE                                                                289TH RESPONDENT

JOHANNES JOEY WALES                                                          290TH RESPONDENT

CHARDENE’ CLARISSA PADAYACHEE                                 291ST RESPONDENT

DAVID SMITH                                                                                  292ND RESPONDENT

JOAN EUNICE KOEKEMOER                                                     293RD RESPONDENT

MAUREEN SMITH                                                                          294TH RESPONDENT

MICHAEL DANIEL KOESNEL                                                     295TH RESPONDENT

CHRISTO LOTTERING                                                                 296TH RESPONDENT

MARTHA VAN ROSS                                                                     297TH RESPONDENT

TANYA ABRAHAMS                                                                      298TH RESPONDENT

HENRICO MAANSDORP                                                              299TH RESPONDENT

MARIA NIKLAAI                                                                              300TH RESPONDENT

ALISTER THERON                                                                        301ST RESPONDENT

ELIZABETH JOUBERT                                                                 302ND RESPONDENT

GERTRUIDA JAARS                                                                      303RD RESPONDENT

PHUMZILE LIZZY MNUNE                                                           304TH RESPONDENT

HILDA POPPIE MANCHO                                                             305TH RESPONDENT

JOSEPH GEORGE KUNENE                                                       306TH RESPONDENT

THEMBA LEDONGA                                                                      307TH RESPONDENT

ANGELA POONEN                                                                         308TH RESPONDENT

MAGGIE MASHIYANE                                                                   309TH RESPONDENT

MARIA TSHABANGU                                                                    310TH RESPONDENT

ANGELIQUE PEACOCK                                                               311TH RESPONDENT

LUCY DIPUO TSOTETSI                                                              312TH RESPONDENT

ELTON KING                                                                                   313TH RESPONDENT

ESTHER MHLANGU                                                                      314TH RESPONDENT

ISOLONE KENNY                                                                          315TH RESPONDENT

ELFONZO VAN SCHALKWYK                                                    316TH RESPONDENT

GRAHAM SMALE                                                                           317TH RESPONDENT

GERONIMO ENVER LOUW                                                          319TH RESPONDENT

TEVIN FORTUIN                                                                             320TH RESPONDENT

MODIEHI THABANA                                                                      321ST RESPONDENT

KEAGAN ROSE                                                                              322ND RESPONDENT

SHAWN GOLIATH                                                                          323RD RESPONDENT

CHESLIN ISAACS                                                                          324TH RESPONDENT

DAVID TUKONE                                                                             325TH RESPONDENT

DEIDRE HEIDE PADAYACHEE                                                  326TH RESPONDENT

NOMPUMELELO PHIRI                                                                 327TH RESPONDENT

CHRISTOPHER VAN SCHALKWYK                                          328TH RESPONDENT

ERIC SOUTHEN                                                                             329TH RESPONDENT

PINKANA HADEBE                                                                        330TH RESPONDENT

GENEVIEVE DOEKIES                                                                  331ST RESPONDENT

LATOYA ROUX                                                                               332ND RESPONDENT

SEROTO SAMUEL MORE                                                            333RD RESPONDENT

URSULA LOUW                                                                              334TH RESPONDENT

FABIAN ZIEGERS                                                                          335TH RESPONDENT

SIMONE BROOKS                                                                         336TH RESPONDENT

ANDRIES ADAMS                                                                           337TH RESPONDENT

ARTHUR DINJANA                                                                        338TH RESPONDENT

LEONI CAROL LOUWSKITTER                                                 339TH RESPONDENT

SELINA DU PREEZ                                                                        340TH RESPONDENT

ELROY PEACOCK                                                                         341ST RESPONDENT

TINA MINNAAR                                                                               342ND RESPONDENT

ANDREA MAANSDORP                                                                343RD RESPONDENT

LORETTA LOUW                                                                            344TH RESPONDENT

VUSUMUZI LETHULI                                                                     345TH RESPONDENT

NONHLANHLA MKHALIPI                                                            346TH RESPONDENT

CHENTONIQUE GOLIATH                                                           347TH RESPONDENT

ANGELA SMITH                                                                             348TH RESPONDENT

NATASHA BRUMNER                                                                  349TH RESPONDENT

ADDEL LOTTIE ABRAHAMS                                                      350TH RESPONDENT

CHADWIN AMIGO                                                                          351ST RESPONDENT

PORTIA BENNET                                                                           352ND RESPONDENT

AGNES BULELWA BOOI                                                             353RD RESPONDENT

SIPHAKAMISO BUTHELEZI                                                        354TH RESPONDENT

PHUMELELE MEITA BUTHELEZI                                              355TH RESPONDENT

SIPHINDILE BUTHELEZI                                                              356TH RESPONDENT

PRETTY NOLUBABACO BAWUTI                                             357TH RESPONDENT

ADELAIDE NONHLANHLA CHILWANE                                    358TH RESPONDENT

NOMAXASIBE BERNIES DUIKER                                             359TH RESPONDENT

ZANDILE GINIZA                                                                            360TH RESPONDENT

JULIA GOMO                                                                                   361ST RESPONDENT

THOKO GUMEDE                                                                           362ND RESPONDENT

BAISE GODSPHO HADEBE                                                        363RD RESPONDENT

KHANYISILEMARIA HADEBE                                                     364TH RESPONDENT

NONKULULEKO PRECIOUS HLONGWANE                           365TH RESPONDENT

THEMBI PROSPERITE HLATSHWAYO                                    366TH RESPONDENT

PETER JABULANE KHANYE                                                      367TH RESPONDENT

PHILEMON JEMSANA                                                                  368TH RESPONDENT

BOITUMELO KHOZA                                                                     369TH RESPONDENT

CHARLES KUBHEKA                                                                   370TH RESPONDENT

THEMBI NOMSA KHOZA                                                             371ST RESPONDENT

MUSA KHUMALO                                                                           372ND RESPONDENT

ROSE KHUMALO                                                                           373RD RESPONDENT

EVA SALUKWATI KHUMALO                                                     374TH RESPONDENT

SIBONGILE KHUMALO                                                                375TH RESPONDENT

JACK TSHEPO KHAUOE                                                             376TH RESPONDENT

ISMAEL BOY KODISANE                                                             377TH RESPONDENT

MUSA BONGI KUBHEKA                                                             378TH RESPONDENT

BEKISISA WELLINGTON LANGA                                              379TH RESPONDENT

KHANYISILE DAPHNEY LANGA                                                380TH RESPONDENT

THEMBA LEDONGA                                                                      381ST RESPONDENT

SPHELELE LANGELITHE SASONDO                                       382ND RESPONDENT

BRITAIN TSWAANE LETSEDI                                                    383RD RESPONDENT

MARIA SENQOANE LETSOALO                                                384TH RESPONDENT

STHABISO PHILASANDE MABASO                                          385TH RESPONDENT

MERIDON PULEDI MAILULA                                                       386TH RESPONDENT

NOLUTHANDO MABEDLA                                                          387TH RESPONDENT

NKULULEKO MANANA                                                                388TH RESPONDENT

PRECIOUS PHINDILE MANALENG                                           389TH RESPONDENT

ZANELE FLORENCE MAKILE                                                    390TH RESPONDENT

LINDIWE MALANGA                                                                      391ST RESPONDENT

VUYISA MAKEYISI                                                                         392ND RESPONDENT

KGOTLELECO WINZARD MASHILE                                         393RD RESPONDENT

HANKI CHRISTOPHER MATEBULA                                         394TH RESPONDENT

MMABATHO MATLOU                                                                  395TH RESPONDENT

ROBERT MAHATLANE                                                                 396TH RESPONDENT

LIZZY TSHEPO MAYIU                                                                 397TH RESPONDENT

LUTHANDO ZOTHA MBATHA                                                    398TH RESPONDENT

HLENGIWE MBATHA                                                                    399TH RESPONDENT

ANNA MAGUYO                                                                             400TH RESPONDENT

THOKOZWA MBENGWENE                                                        401ST RESPONDENT

DUMISANI MKHWANAZI                                                              402ND RESPONDENT

MUSA SABELO MAMBA                                                              403RD RESPONDENT

MARIA SIBONGILE MANYIKA                                                    404TH RESPONDENT

SOPHIA MAKALELA                                                                     405TH RESPONDENT

MERCEY MAKHOBA                                                                     406TH RESPONDENT

JEFFREY HLAMULA MAKHUBELA                                          407TH RESPONDENT

BUSISIWE MAOHONGELA                                                          408TH RESPONDENT

NONTOMBI MASANABO                                                              409TH RESPONDENT

MSAWENKOSI MASOND                                                             410TH RESPONDENT

RAKONTANE FRANS MASETLA                                               411TH RESPONDENT

BETTY NOZINJA MATSHIGA                                                      412TH RESPONDENT

THEMBA MAVUNDLA                                                                   413TH RESPONDENT

IDAH BUSISIWE MAZIBUKO                                                       414TH RESPONDENT

SIBUSISO MARKSMAN MAZIBUKO                                         415TH RESPONDENT

NKOSANA MCOCO                                                                        416TH RESPONDENT

XOLANI MDOKWE                                                                          417TH RESPONDENT

PATRICK MDLALOSE                                                                   418TH RESPONDENT

NZUZO LUYANDA MDLULI                                                         419TH RESPONDENT

JULIA MFELANI                                                                              420TH RESPONDENT

NOMFUNDO NOSIPHO MHLUNGU                                           421ST RESPONDENT

THANDEKA MKIZE                                                                        422ND RESPONDENT

DELISIWE MARTHA NKUTHA                                                    423RD RESPONDENT

DUDUZILE AGNES MLAMBO                                                     424TH RESPONDENT

MMAMPEELE LUCIA                                                                     425TH RESPONDENT

SIPHO MNGUNI                                                                              426TH RESPONDENT

MDUDUZI MNINZI                                                                           427TH RESPONDENT

JOSEPHMOFOKENG                                                                    428TH RESPONDENT

TSEBISO REPLY MOHLALA                                                       429TH RESPONDENT

YVONNE MOFOKENG                                                                  430TH RESPONDENT

KENNETH MOKUBUNG                                                               431ST RESPONDENT

HABUNENI ALETTA MOLOI                                                        432ND RESPONDENT

NANDILE KARLINA MOPELI                                                       433RD RESPONDENT

BRIAN MORAKE                                                                            434TH RESPONDENT

JAN MORAJANE                                                                            435TH RESPONDENT

RAESETJA AGNES MOTHIBI                                                     436TH RESPONDENT

SIMPHIWE MPANGANE                                                               437TH RESPONDENT

MARITS MPHAOJWANE                                                              438TH RESPONDENT

NHLANHLA MTHIMUNYE                                                            439TH RESPONDENT

JOYCE MSIZA                                                                                 440TH RESPONDENT

MOSES NDANGANENI MUTHELO                                            441ST RESPONDENT

LAZOLA KHAYAKAZI TRACY MQUBE                                    442ND RESPONDENT

LWAZI CEBELIHLE MHLUNGU                                                  443RD RESPONDENT

ELIZABETH NAMUNE                                                                   444TH RESPONDENT

SIPHO GENIUS NGUBANE                                                          445TH RESPONDENT

CABANGILE NDLOVU                                                                  446TH RESPONDENT

SIYABONGA NGCOBO                                                                 447TH RESPONDENT

NOSIPHO NGOBESE                                                                    448TH RESPONDENT

LAURETIA NGUBANE                                                                  449TH RESPONDENT

JABULANI NKOSI                                                                          450TH RESPONDENT

MAKHOSINI NKOSI                                                                       451ST RESPONDENT

JAFTA EPHRAIM NKOSI                                                              452ND RESPONDENT

TSHIDI FRANCIS NKOSI                                                              453RD RESPONDENT

NGUBANI NOKWANDA                                                                454TH RESPONDENT

STEPHINA NONG                                                                           455TH RESPONDENT

NELISIWE SINDISIWE NOTYELWA                                           456TH RESPONDENT

WILLY INNOCENT NTOMBELA                                                  457TH RESPONDENT

NTOMBIFUTHI NDLANGAMANDLA                                          458TH RESPONDENT

SINOTHI MAXWELL NTULI                                                         459TH RESPONDENT

NTOMBUSUTHI HAPPINESS PETER                                       460TH RESPONDENT

GODFFREY PHIRI                                                                          461ST RESPONDENT

NONDUMISO WENDY PHUNGULA                                           462ND RESPONDENT

LINDIWE RADEBE                                                                         463RD RESPONDENT

NOSIPHIWO NWELE                                                                     464TH RESPONDENT

SOLOMON MACWUELANE RADEBE                                       465TH RESPONDENT

SYLEVESTER LEHLOHONOLO SEMOUSA                            466TH RESPONDENT

DOROMINAH SEROBE                                                                 467TH RESPONDENT

EMILY DIMAKATSO SETAI                                                          468TH RESPONDENT

JAMES SHABANGU                                                                      469TH RESPONDENT

THULI DORIS SHOBA                                                                   470TH RESPONDENT

STHEMBISO SHOBA                                                                     471ST RESPONDENT

SIPHIWE SIBIYA                                                                             472ND RESPONDENT

TSHEPONG AMOS SIMANGO                                                    473RD RESPONDENT

SIBNGILE EUNICE SIMELANE                                                   474TH RESPONDENT

FRANCINA SEODISA                                                                    475TH RESPONDENT

MIYA SIYELANE                                                                             476TH RESPONDENT

NTLOKO SONWABO                                                                     477TH RESPONDENT

PATRICIA TSHABALAL                                                                478TH RESPONDENT

BONGINKOSI TOKO                                                                      479TH RESPONDENT

LERATO INNOCENTIA TSOTETSI                                             480TH RESPONDENT

ESTHER THELMA VILAKAZI                                                      481ST RESPONDENT

DUDUZILE CYNTHIA ZUNGU                                                      482ND RESPONDENT

NKELI JAMES MAKUBUNG                                                        483RD RESPONNENT

AURELIA FIKILE                                                                            484TH RESPONDENT

 

Date of Judgment: This judgment was handed down electronically by circulation to the parties’ legal representatives by email, release to the library of the court and uploaded on caselines. The date and time for handing down judgment is deemed to be 10:h00 9 June 2021.

 

Summary: Confirmation of the rule nisi – eviction of the respondents from the incomplete and complete houses of the local government. The respondents conceded to the unlawful occupation of the property but demanded alternative accommodation and negotiations with the Municipality before they could be evicted.

Held that in the circumstances of this matter the court could not countenance the self-help approach adopted by the respondents and thus ordered their eviction.

 

Judgment

 

 Molahlehi J

1.            Before this court are two applications that were consolidated in the rule nisi issued by Keightley J on 5 June 2020. The applicant is the City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, a Metropolitan Municipality (the Municipality) established in accordance with the provisions of the Local Government: Municipal Structures Act, of 1998. The individual respondents are, the individuals who are unlawfully occupying the houses at portion 102, Farm Holgatatfontein 326 IR, NIGEL also known as "MACKENZIEVILLE EXTENSION 2."

 

2.            It was indicated during oral submission that the Municipality was not persisting with paragraph 9 of the interim order made by Keightley J. This is the part of the order that declared any of the respondents who did not comply with the interim order to be in contempt of the order. Therefore, it follows that this matter turns mainly on whether the rule nisi relating to eviction should be confirmed. 

 

3.            The respondent opposed both applications and raised a point in limine concerning the non-joinder of the provincial and national government.

 

Background facts 

 

4.            It is common cause that the Municipality designed a housing development project with funding assistance from the provincial government. The project's objective is to meet the Municipality's constitutional duty under section 26 of the Constitution of providing residents falling within its jurisdiction housing at McKenzieville Extension 2. The project commenced in 2017 and was intended to provide housing for about 600 people. It is common cause that following applications by residents in the area the Municipality developed a list of individuals who qualified for housing subsidy. The contractors appointed by the applicant had, by December 2019, managed to develop infrastructure for 568 stands and completed 51 houses, ready for occupation.

 

5.            After December 2019, there was no progress in the project due to the expiry of the contractors' contracts. The other reason for the lack of progress was the National State of Disaster declaration under the Disaster Management Act 57 of 2002 by the State President in terms of which movements of people and gathering were restricted.

 

6.            It is common cause that the respondents moved onto the land and occupied both the completed and incomplete housing structures in Mackenzieville Extension 2. Following this, the applicant obtained an order from this court authorising the South African Police and the Metro Police to attend at the site and identify those who had occupied the properties illegally and served them with the notice in terms of section 4(2) of the Prevention of Illegal Eviction from Occupation of Land Act (PIE Act).

 

7.            It is common cause that during March 2020, the respondents invaded the complete and incomplete houses in the project. Those who occupied the incomplete structures completed them and fitted the windows and doors.

 

The respondent's defence

 

8.            The respondents did not dispute that their conduct is unlawful. They contended that the Municipality is not entitled to evict them even though the occupation of the property was unlawful. Their defence is that they moved into the area out of necessity, arising from the regulations governing COVID – 19 promulgated under the National State of Emergency Disaster Management Act 57 of 2020. The other reason for invading the properties is that they had been rendered homeless after being evicted as backyard dwellers from their previous rented premises. They further contended that the Municipality could not evict them unless alternative accommodation was made available, including engaging with them in discussions regarding the eviction.

 

The non-joinder point 

 

9.            The respondents contend that the applicant ought to have joined these proceedings both the national and provincial governments. The test for non-joinder is set out by the Supreme Court of Appeal in Absa Bank Limited v Naude N.O and Others (20264/2014) [2015] ZASCA 97; 2016 (6) SA 540 (SCA) (1 June 2015)in the following terms:

"[10]    The test whether there has been non-joinder is whether a party has a direct and substantial interest in the subject matter of the litigation, which may prejudice the party that has not been joined. In Gordon v Department of Health, KwaZulu-Natal it was held that if an order or judgment cannot be sustained without necessarily prejudicing the interest of third parties that had not been joined, then those third parties have a legal interest in the matter and must be joined." (Footnotes omitted).

 

10.         In Judicial Service Commission and Another v Cape Bar Council and Another,[1] the court held that:

"[12] It has by now become settled law that the joinder of a party is only required as a matter of necessity – as opposed to a matter of convenience – if that party has a direct and substantial interest which may be affected prejudicially by the judgment of the court in the proceedings concerned (see eg Bowring NO v Vrededorp Properties CC  2007 (5) SA 391 (SCA) para 21). The mere fact that a party may have an interest in the outcome of the litigation does not warrant a non-joinder plea. The right of a party to validly raise the objection that other parties should have been joined to the proceedings, has thus been held to be a limited one."

 

11.         Applying the above test, in the present matter, I am of the view that the point raised by the respondents bears no merit. There are no facts supporting the contention that it was necessary to join the Provincial and National Government parties in these proceedings. Except that the Provincial Government provided funding for the project, there is nothing to show that it has a direct and substantial interest in the outcome of this matter.

 

 The eviction application 

 

12.          I now turn to deal with the merits of the eviction application. I have already pointed out earlier that the Municipality has abandoned paragraph 9 of Keightley J's order. 

 

13.         In his oral argument, the respondents' Counsel emphasised that the Municipality was obliged to provide housing for the respondents in terms of section 26 of the Constitution. Section 26 of the Constitution provides:

"(1)      Everyone has the right to have access to adequate housing.

(2)       The state must take reasonable legislative and other measures within each available resources to achieve progressive realisation of this right.

(3)       No one may be evicted from their home or have their home demolished without an order of the court, made after considering all relevant circumstances. No legislation may permit arbitrary eviction."

 

14.         The starting point in considering the relief sought by the applicant is whether there has been compliance with the provisions of section 4 of the PIE Act. Section 4(1), (2) and (3) of PIE Act provides:

(1) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any law or the common law, the provisions of this section apply to proceedings by an owner or person in charge of land for the eviction of an unlawful occupier.

(2)     At least 14 days before the hearing of the proceedings contemplated in subsection (1), the court must serve written and effective notice of the proceedings on the unlawful occupier and the municipality having jurisdiction.

(3)     Subject to the provisions of subsection (2), the procedure for the serving of notices and filing of papers is as prescribed by the rules of the court in question.

 

15.         It is trite that once there has been compliance with the provisions of section 4 (2) of the PIE Act, the owner of the property cannot be denied the eviction order unless the respondents in opposing the relief disclose circumstances that will entitle them to remain on the property. In other words, upon satisfaction of the procedural requirements in the absence of special circumstances, the owner is entitled to the eviction order. Ndlovu v Ngcobo Becker and another v Jika 4 All SA384 [SCA at paragraph 17 to 19[2]

 

16.         It is trite that section 4 of PIE Act does not deprive the owner of the ownership of the property that is the subject of unlawful occupation. As stated in Ndlovu v Ngcobo the effect of the PIE Act is to delay or suspend the exercise of the ownership rights of the landowners until a determination has been made, whether it is just and equitable to evict the unlawful occupiers and under what conditions.

 

17.         As stated in Dwele v Phalatse and Others (11112/15) [2017] ZAGPJHC 146 (7 June 2017)[3], section 4 of the PIE Act contains both procedural and substantive provisions. The procedural provisions are found in sections 4(2), (3), (4) and (5), and the substantive provisions are in sections 4(6), (7), (8) and (9) of the PIE Act. 

 

18.         In the present matter, there is no dispute about the procedural aspects of section 4 of PIE. The relief sought by the applicant, which the respondents oppose, has to do with the substantive provisions of section 4 of PIE. In this respect, sections 4(6), (7), (8) and (9) of PIE Act read as follows:

"(6)    If an unlawful occupier has occupied the land in question for less than six months at the time when the proceedings are initiated, a court may grant an order for eviction if it is of the opinion that it is just and equitable to do so, after considering all the relevant circumstances, including the rights and needs of the elderly, children, disabled persons and households headed by women.

(7)     If an unlawful occupier has occupied the land in question for more than six months at the time when the proceedings are initiated, a court may grant an order for eviction if it is of the opinion that it is just and equitable to do so, after considering all the relevant circumstances, including, except where the land sold in a sale of execution pursuant to a mortgage, where the land has been made available or can reasonably be made available by a municipality or other Organ of State or another landowner for the relocation of the unlawful occupier, and including the rights and needs of the elderly, children, disabled persons and households headed by women.

(8)     If the court is satisfied that all the requirements of this section had been complied with and that no valid defence has been raised by the unlawful occupier, it must grant an order for the eviction of the unlawful occupier, and determine-

(a)     a just and equitable date on which the unlawful occupier must vacate the land under the circumstances; and

(b)     the date on which an eviction order may be carried out if the unlawful occupier has not vacated the land on the date contemplated in paragraph (a).

In determining a just and equitable date contemplated in sub-section (8), the court must have regard to all relevant factors, including the period the unlawful occupier and his or his family have resided on the land question."

 

19.         It is trite that in determining whether or not to grant an eviction order, the court has a discretion to be exercised, guided by what is just and equitable. See Ndlovu v. Ngcobo; Bekker and Another v. Jika 2004 (1) SA 114 (SCA) para 18. In determining whether there are just and equitable grounds to grant an eviction order, the court is obliged to have regard to all the relevant circumstances, including the availability of land for the relocation of the occupiers and the rights and needs of the elderly, children, disabled persons and households headed by women. The court is obliged to grant an eviction order if there is no valid defence and all the substantive requirement of section 4 of PIE are satisfied. 

 

20.         The inquiry following the above finding concerns the equitable date on which the unlawful occupier or occupiers must vacate the property. The date chosen for the eviction of the illegal occupiers has to be just and fair to all parties. 

 

21.         The relevant facts and circumstances in this matter that have to be taken into account in considering the relief sought by the applicant the following. As stated earlier, it is common cause that the respondents unlawfully occupied the completed and incomplete structures in the area. It is also common cause that, except for a few, most of them are not on the list of beneficiaries. However, those whose names appear on the beneficiaries’ list also did not act lawfully in occupying the houses before being properly allocated by the Municipality. It is apparent that the structures were not yet certified ready for occupation, neither were any of them provided with the certificate of occupancy. It, therefore, cannot be said that they are lawful occupiers. 

 

22.         When invading the, arear the respondents were fully aware that they were not on the list of beneficiaries. Their papers reveal that they were aware that other people in the area had successfully applied for the subsidy and were already on the waiting list. 

 

23.         In my view, the respondents' conduct should not be countenance by this court because otherwise, the rule of law would be compromised. In Lesapo v North West Agricultural Bank and Another (CCT23/99) [1999] ZACC 16; 2000 (1) SA 409; 1999 (12) BCLR 1420 (16 November 1999) the Constitutional Court per Mokgoro J said: 

"No one is entitled to take the law into her or his own hands. Self-help, in this sense, is inimical to a society in which the rule of law prevails, as envisioned by section 1(c) of our Constitution, which provides:

'The Republic of South Africa is one, sovereign, democratic state founded on the following values:

. . . .

(c)     Supremacy of the Constitution and the rule of law."

Taking the law into one's own hands is thus inconsistent with the fundamental principles of our law."

 

24.         In addition to the defence of necessity, the respondents suggested that they were entitled to unlawfully occupy the properties because some of the Municipality officials were involved in fraudulent conduct about the development of the housing beneficiary list. They allege that one of the officials in the housing department was dismissed for being involved in fraud. This has not been substantiated in that there is no supporting documentary proof or supporting affidavit that the person was dismissed for fraud related to the list of housing beneficiaries. But more importantly, there is no averment that the alleged fraudulent list was ever reported to the police. There is also no indication as to why legal steps could not have been taken to interdict the implementation of the list before resorting to self-help. 

 

25.         In the circumstances of this case, refusing to grant an eviction order would result in what the Constitutional Court in, President of the Republic of South Africa and Another v Modderklip Boerdery (Pty) Ltd (Agri SA and Others, Amici Curiae) 2005 (5) SA 3 CC at para 45)[4] referred to as a recipe for anarchy. It would also create a precedent for people to jump the queue and qualify themselves through the back door onto the housing lists in the municipalities. The other risk associated with refusing to grant an eviction in the circumstances of this matter is that the use of self-help would result in people losing confidence in the rule of law, which will invariably lead to unwanted public violence. This applies to the respondents' argument that they should only be evicted on condition the Municipality provides them with alternative accommodation.

 

26.         As indicated earlier, the respondents' Counsel argued that the respondents had the right to housing in terms of section 26 of the Constitution, and I suppose that is why they should not be evicted until alternative land is found for them. However, the right is limited "within available resources to achieve the progressive realisation of this right."

 

27.         The circumstances in the present matter is distinguishable to those in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality and Another v Various Occupiers, Eden Park Extension 5 2014 (3) SA 23 (SCA) wherein the Supreme Court of Appeal found that the Municipality had "displayed uncertainty as to the identification of those persons who were to be evicted and the integrity of the waiting list and the allocation process had been compromised." In the present matter, the Municipality engaged the services of the police to identify the people who had illegally moved .in the area, and there is no issue about the integrity of the process embarked upon in evicting all the illegal occupiers of the structures. It also important to note that at the time the Municipality instituted the eviction proceedings the respondents had taken possession of the properties for less than six months.

 

28.         In light of the above, I am of the view that the applicant has made out a case that it is just and equitable to evict the respondents from Mackenzi Extension 2. In other words, the Municipality made out a case for the confirmation of the rule nisi. In light of this and as already alluded to earlier, there is no need to deal with the issue of the interdict. 

 

29.         The issue that remains for determination is the date of the eviction. As alluded to earlier the respondents unlawfully took occupation of the properties that belonged to the Municipality. At the time of taking occupation of the properties they were aware that it was unlawful for them to do so. In this context it is just and fair to afford them a period of thirty days to vacate the properties in question.

 

30.         In relation to costs of the applications, the Municipality’s Counsel conceded that in the circumstances of this case it would not be appropriate to allow the costs to follow the results.

 

Order 

 

31.         In the premises, the following order is made: 

1.         An order for the eviction of the First, Fourth to Four Hundred and Eighty Fourth Respondents and all those occupying the properties through and under them at the properties described as portion 102, of the farm Holgatfontein 326 IR, Nigel also known as Mackenzieville Extension 2 is granted. 

2.         The First and Fourth to Four Hundred and Eighty Fourth Respondents and all those claiming occupation through and under them are ordered to vacate the property by 7 July 2021.

3.         In the event where the First, Fourth to Four Hundred and Eighty Fourth Respondents and all those claiming occupation through and under them failing to comply with the order set out above, then and in that event, the City of Ekurhuleni Police Services and or the South African Police Services and or assisted by the Sheriff of this Court or his lawful deputy and a Locksmith are ordered and directed to carry out the eviction order on or after 14 July 2021.

4.         In the event where the First and Fourth to Four Hundred and Eighty Fourth Respondents and all those that occupy the property by virtue of, through or under them attempt to regain access or possession to the property after the eviction order has been executed by the Sheriff and/or his/her authorised deputy; the applicant does not need to approach this court for relief and the City of Ekurhuleni Police Services and or the South African Police Services and or assisted by the Sheriff of this Court or his lawful deputy and a Locksmith Sheriff and/or his/her authorised deputy are authorised and directed to take all legal steps to enforce this Court order once again, including enlisting the services of the South African Police Services and a Locksmith.

5.          There is no order as to costs.

 

 

___________________

E MOLAHLEHI J

Judge of the Gauteng High Court.

 

 

APPEARANCES

For the applicant: Adv. E Sithole

Instructed by: Lebea Incoporated Attorneys

For the Respondent: Adv. D Brown

Instructed by. Chris Billing Attorneys

Heard: 31 May 2021

Delivered: 9 June 2021


[1] (818/2011) [2012] ZASCA 115; 2012 (11) BCLR 1239 (SCA).

[2] 4 All SA384 [SCA at paragraph 17 to 19

[3] (11112/15) [2017] ZAGPJHC 146 (7 June 2017)

[4] 2005 (5) SA 3 CC at para 45)