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IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA GAUTENG DIVISION, PRETORIA

					

In the matter between:

Case Number: 72637/2013

DATE: 14 APRIL 2016

BONDEV MIDRAND (PTY) LIMITED
and
PETRUS KGOSI RAMOKGOPA
THE REGISTRAR OF DEEDS, PRETORIA NEDBANK LIMITED

Applicant

First	Respondent Second   Respondent
Third  Respondent

In the matter between

Case Number: 58/2014

BONDEV MIDRAND (PTY) LIMITED
and
PULING PULING TAPIWANASHE  PULING THE REGISTRAR OF DEEDS FIRSTRAND BANK LIMITED

Applicant

First Respondent Second   Respondent
Third Respondent Fourth Respondent

JUDGMENT ON LEAVE TO APPEAL

MAKHUBELE AJ

INTRODUCTION

[ 1 ] The applicant in the two  matters, Bondev Midrand  (Pty)  Limited is one and the same entity and is a property developer.  It  instituted application proceedings against the  respondents  and  sought  similar orders; namely; to compel the first respondent ("Ramokgopa") in case number 72637/2013 ("Ramokgopa matter") and the first and second respondents ("Puling Puling") in case number 58/2014 ("Puling matter") to re-transfer to it certain property , being vacant stands (erfs) that they purchased from it in a township development known as Midstream Estate [Extension 2…, Registration Division J.R, Gauteng held by deeds of transfer Tl 8…/2007 and T60../2007] respectively. The re-transfer was sought against payment of the original purchase price paid for the relevant   erfs.

[2]  Ramokgopa  and  Puling  opposed  the  applications.   Ramokgopa raised one defence only, a special plea of prescription in terms of the provisions of section 10( 1) read with 1 1 (d) of the Prescription Act, 68 of 1969. Puling also raised the same special plea, but went further and raised certain  defences  on  the  merits  of  the  claim.  The  arguments      on  the

special plea were heard together and after hearing argument, I upheld the special plea in the both matters. The reasons for my judgment which only dealt with the special plea were captured in the judgment of the Ramokgopa matter  and confirmed in the Puling matter.

[3] In this application, the  applicant  seeks  leave  to  appeal  certain parts of my judgments (and the whole orders ) delivered on 27 October 2015. The parties are referred to as they were cited in the main application.
There  was  no  appearance  for  Ramokgopa  when  the  application for leave to appeal was heard. However, a representative of his attorneys of record was present in court. The parties accepted that the outcome of this application for leave to appeal is binding in the  both matters.
THE NOTICE AND GROUNDS OF APPEAL

[4]    According to their respective   Notices , the applicants seek leave to appeal " against certain parts of the jud gment and the whole of" my orders. However, they did  not  identify the relevant paragraphs  in the judgments, which is problematic because certain "findings" attributed to me were not findings, but merely restatement of submissions made by the parties.

Findings

[5] The findings on which leave to appeal is sought are, save for one item, identical in the both applications. I proceed to quote from the application in the matter of Ramokgopa.
"	I. The finding of fact that the title condition in  favour  of  the applicant does not limit the first respondent 's right of ownership in the property or subtracts from the first respondent 's dominium in the pro pert y.
2.        The finding of law that the applicant 's right to claim retransfer

of the property in terms of the title condition is not a real right, but a

personal  right  that  was  registrable  in  terms  of  the  provisions  of

section 63 of the Deeds Registries Act 47 of 1937 (,,the Deeds Registries Act" )
3.        The finding of law that the applicant' s right to claim retransfer of the property in terms of the title condition does not constitute a personal servitude.
4.	The finding of law that the applicant 's claim for retransfer of the property constitutes  a  debt  as contemplated  in  section  II of the Prescription Act 68 of 1969 ( ,,the Prescription Act" ).
5.	The finding of law that the applicant 's claim for retransfer of the property had become prescribed 3 years after expiry of the 18 month period referred  to in the title condition.

[6]      In the Puling application, the following finding  was added;

"	I.  The finding of Jaw that the title condition will only be binding on subsequent owners if the applicant enters  into   further agreements with such owners" .

Grounds of appeal

[7]   Except for issues  arising from paragraph [6 ] above, the remainder of the grounds of appeal in the both matters is also identical and in the main, they are  argument and criticisms of the findings made by the court

and in certain instances incorrect analysis of the findings. For this reason, I will only confine myself to the findings that were identified during oral argument and only in as far as they are indeed findings, and not counsel's interpretation of the judgment.

[8] There is ample authority to the effect that  the  notice  for  leave  and grounds thereof must be set out in succinct and unambiguous terms for it to comply with the requirements of Rule 49( l) (b) . On whether the notice of leave and its contents complied with the requirements of Rule 49( 1 ) , Leach J had the following to say in the matter of Songono v Minister of Law and Orders,
"In  attempted   compliance   therewith   the   applicant   filed   a  document   headed
'Application for Leave to Appeal' , in which he purported to set out the grounds upon which leave to appeal was to be sought. These so-called 'grounds ' constitute  a diatribe of some 1 7 pages criticizing the judgment, analysing (at times incorrectly) certain of the evidence and the findings made, putting forward certain submissions and quoting various authorities. This lengthy, convoluted and at times disjointed criticism of the judgment did not clearly and succinctly spell out the  grounds  upon  which leave  to appeal is sought in clear and unambiguous terms - indeed, it served more to deceive, particularly as, during course of argument, there were several points which applicant' s counsel, Mr Bursey, sought to raise which were not indicated in the document.
I am not aware of any judgment  dealing  specifically  with  grounds  of  appeal  as envisaged by Rule 49( l ) (b); however, Rule 49(3) is couched in similar terms and also requires the filing of a notice of appeal which shall specify ' the grounds upon which the appeal is founded' .  In regard to that sub-rule it is now well established  that the provisions
thereof are peremptory and that the grounds of appeal are required, inter alia, to give the respondent an opportunity of abandoning the judgment, to inform the respondent of the case he has to meet and to notify the Court of the points to be raised. Accordingly, insofar as Rule 49(3) is concerned, it has been held that grounds of appeal are bad if they are so widely expressed that it leaves the appellant free to canvas every finding of fact and every ruling of law made by the court a quo, or if they specify the findings of fact or rulings of law appealed against so vaguely as to be of no value to either the Court or the respondent, or if they, in general, fail to specify clearly and in unambiguous terms exactly what case the respondent must be prepared to meet - see, for example, Harvey v Brown 1964 (3) SA 381 (E) at 383; Kilian v Geregsbode, Uitenhage, 1980 ( 1 ) SA 808 (A) at 815 and Erasmus Superior Court Practice B l -356-357 and the various authorities there cited.

It seems to me that, by parity of reasoning, the grounds of appeal required under Rule 49( I ) (b) must similarly be clearly and succinctly set out in clear and unambiguous terms so as to enable the Court and the respondent to be fully and properly informed of the case which the applicant seeks to make out and which the respondent is to meet in opposing the application for leave to appeal. Just as Rule 49(3) is peremptory in that regard, Rule 49( I ) (b) must also be regarded as being peremptory. In my view the lengthy and rambling notice of appeal file in casu falls woefully short of what is required. Mr Bursey suggested that grounds of appeal could be gleaned from the notice but that is not the point - the point is that the notice must clearly set out the grounds and it is not for the Court to have to analyse a lengthy document in an attempt to establish what grounds the applicant intended to rely upon but did not clearly set out. On this basis alone the application seems to me to me fatally defective and must be dismissed."

[9] I now proceed to summarize the grounds of appeal and  where necessary highlight whether indeed there is such a finding or not. The applicants contend that I    erred by;
[9.1] making a finding that the only limitation of ownership imposed by the title condition is the prohibition against selling the property within the period of 18 months.

The applicant chose one aspect of the  findings I made after a somewhat detailed analysis of the title condition in question. I did not make a finding that this is the ONLY limitation.

[9.2] making a finding that the applicant 's right was  personal in nature but registrable in terms of section 63 of the Deeds Registries Act.
The issue about registration of personal rights is  dealt with in the proviso to section 63( 1 ) of the Deeds Registries Act. The applicant's

counsel in his heads of argument chose to ignore this proviso, which I found to be very important.
[9.3] holding that the distinction between Condition B (in favour of the applicant ) and Condition C (in favour of the Home Owners Association) is that the latter extends into perpetuity whilst  the former does not.

[9.4] making a finding that the applicant is required to exercise its discretion " with regard to certain matters that could see the condition existing beyond the 18 months period" within the said 18 month period.

[9.5]    relying on the judgment  of Road Accident  Fund and Another v Mdeyide 201 1 (2) SA 26 (CC) to support a contention that the applicant' s claim constitute  a debt for purposes of prescription.

[9.6] Relying on the broad meaning afforded to the term "debt" for purposes of determining the nature of the applicant' s right.
It is contended that I should have relied on the two requirements as set out in the Supreme Court of Appeal decision in the matter of Willow Waters Homeowners Association (Pty) Ltd  2015 (5) SA
304  ("Willow  Waters  judgment")   to  make  a  finding  that  " an

obligation that may otherwise conform to the broad definition of "debt" is servitudinal in nature" if it meets the two requirements set in that decision"

[9.7] relying on the decisions of Barnett and Others v Minister of Land A f fairs and Others 2007 f 6) SA 313 and Leketi v Tladi NO & Others [201O] 3 ALL SA 519 . These decisions were overturned by the Supreme Court of Appeal on 28 May 2015 in Absa Bank Ltd v Keet 2015 (4) SA 474 (SCA) at para [26]. In para [23] , the SCA found that "an obligation in respect of a personal right does not consist  of causing something  to become the creditor 's  property"

This allegation is completely misleading. I will deal with it later on.

[9.8] in finding that the applicant ' s claim of the property is " not a personal servitude and therefore a limited real right in respect  of which the prescription period is 30 years as provided for in section 7 of the Prescription Act" .

[1O]	With regard to the additional ground of appeal in the Puling matter; it is alleged that the court erred in finding that " the title condition will only

be binding on subsequent owners if the applicant enters into further agreements with such owners".
The argument is that this finding is wrong because the " title condition expressly provides that it binds successors in title" and because I made a finding in the Ramokgopa judgment  that  "one  of  the  characteristics  of the present title condition in favour of the applicant is that it is binding on successors in title" .

The characteristics in question are not my findings, but what the condition in question purports to provide for. The reason for interpretation is to determine whether on a proper construction , the condition should bind successors in title or not.

Grounds of appeal tendered during oral submissions

[1 1] The grounds of appeal tendered during argument  focused on two main issues, namely; that
[ 1 1 .1] Mr Horn argued that certain findings I made are in contradiction with the judgment of Du Plessis J in the matter of Bondev Development (Pty) Ltd v Mosikare and Others ("Mosikare judgment")  which  I should  have followed.
The finding in question relates to the fact that the condition limits

ownership. In my view, agreeing on this issue does not mean that I should follow the conclusion reached by Du Plessis J. In my judgment, I found that such limitation of ownership is only  for  a limited period, namely, the first 18 months. Du Plessis J appears to think that the limitation is in perpetuity because according to him, subsequent buyers , even those  who  purchase  the  property  after the expiry of the 18-month period are in mora  and must build the dwelling within a reasonable time. The period of  limitation  of ownership is important.

The applicant contends that there are now two  conflicting judgments on the issues that were before me and Du Plessis J, and on this ground alone, leave to appeal should be granted to the Supreme Court of Appeal to resolve this conflict. I do not agree.

[ 1 1 .2] The applicant contends that I relied on decisions of Barnett and Others v Minister of Land Affairs and Others ("Barnett ") and Leketi v Tladi NO and Others ("Leketi") that were overturned by the

Supreme Court of Appeal	in the matter of	Absa Bank Limited v Keet ( "Keet judgment") .
For this reason alone, leave to appeal should be granted to the Supreme Court of Appeal.
I will deal with this ground of appeal later on.

ORAL SUBMISSIONS

Applicants

[12] As I have already indicated above, the  submissions during argument were centered around two issues; (a) the conflict between my judgment and the judgment of Du Plessis J in the Mosikare judgment and
(b) reliance on the Barnett and Leketi decisions that have been overturned by the Supreme Court of Appeal in the Keet judgment.

[13] Mr Horn argued that I should have applied  the  judgment  of  Du Plessis J to determine the nature of the right in the title condition. Du Plessis J found that the right in the title condition limits ownership and binds successors in title.

[ 14]   He argued further that paragraph 60 of my judgment  in the matter of Puling Puling where I stated  that: "[60]	have     also     considered     the

judgments  in this division where applications for re-transfer of properties were either granted or ref used. I agree with respondents' counsel's submissions that it would only be binding on subsequent purchasers if the transferor enters into  further  agreements  with them. This was the rationale of the decisions in the judgment of Dodson AJ in the matter of Bondev V Rasalanavho  • This is in line with Section 68 of the Deeds Act. It is also a sensible reading of the title condition because , as I have already stated, the restrictions with regard to selling and transfer to third parties only apply within the 18 month period" is in conflict with what Du Plessis J  stated in page 7 of his judgment that "On the facts, therefore, the applicant did not prove that the parties had agreed on an extended  time for performance  by the respondents  of the condition of title"

[ 15]    It was further contended that   should have found that the condition in question is a real right as the Supreme Court of Appeal did in the Willow Waters judgment.

[16] Furthermore, it was argued that my reliance on Barnett and Leketi decisions in paragraphs 66 and 68 of my judgment in the Ramokgopa matter  is enough reason to justify  leave to appeal to the Supreme Court of  Appeal.

[ 17]	The  Barnett  and  Leketi  decisions	were   overturned  by  the  Keet judgment  in paragraph 26 where the following was stated.
[26] I am aware that we are differing from  a view  that has  been  expressed  in three judgments of this court, albeit in my view none of those decisions was dependent upon the correctness of that view for the ultimate result. However, to the extent that this view could be seen as the ratio decidendi of those decisions, I would hold that it was incorrect. I  am  aware  of  the restricted  basis  upon which this Court departs from its earlier decisions, but am of the view that this is one of those rare cases in which it is appropriate to do so. First, the decision (Barnett) is of reasonably recent origin so it cannot be said that people  have  organised  their affairs on the basis that it was correct. Second, the author of the  decision has indicated that it should be reviewed by this Court. Third, the perpetuation of that view gives rise to absurdity in the construction of an important statute and would cause uncertainty in a multitude of relationships.

[18]	The finding I made in paragraph 32 of Ramokgopa matter is wrong. Paragraph [32] of my judgment  in the Ramokgopa  matter  is not a finding though.  It is a summary  of  what  was  argued  before me and it reads as follows " [32] He argued further that failure to erect a dwelling within the prescribed time  frame  is  a  trigger  event  that  entitles  the  applicant  to claim re-transfer  of  the property. This right is not a servitude . A servitude is a right to use. Furthermore, not all rights of benefits are a right of servitude.

[ 19]	The  finding  that  "the obligation  in  the  title  condition  B to  claim

retransfer of property is a debt as contemplated in the Prescription Act" is wrong  .

First and second respondents ( Puling Puling matter)

[20]  Counsel for the first and second respondents, Advocate  Wagener SC ("Mr. Wagener")  submitted that:

[21J The issue of prescription was not before Du Plessis J in the Mosikare matter, and as such he did not interrogate it. He only deals with it at the bottom of page 3 of the judgment where he stated that "Being a condition of title, the clause that I have quoted constitutes a limitation on the respondents' rights of ownership. If it should for some reason not have been part of the title deed there are remedies that the respondents could pursue, probably against their seller".

[221    Du Plessis J did not interrogate the question of what is a "real right".

[23] The fundamental distinction between real and  personal  rights  is found in Paragraph 21 of the Supreme Court of Appeal judgment in the Absa v Keet judgment  where the following was stated:

"[2 1] That distinction between real rights and personal rights has consistently been recognised in our case law [ 24] and was recently explained by this Court  in National Stadium South A frica ( Pty) Ltd v Firstrand Bank Ltd [25] para 3 1:

'The first concerns the distinction between real and personal rights. Real rights have as their object a thing (Latin: res; Afrikaans: soak). Personal rights have as their object performance by another, and the duty to perform may ( for present purposes ] arise from a contract. Personal rights may give rise to real rights; for instance, a personal obligation to grant someone a servitude matures into a real right on registration. Real rights give rise to competencies: ownership of land entitles the owner to use the land or to give others rights in respect thereof. Others may say that ownership consists of a bundle of rights, including
the right to use the land, but it does not really matter who is right on this point.' "

[24] The applicant seeks performance of an obligation, namely, re­ transfer of the property. The object of the applicant's right in the title condition is not a thing. The personal right in this matter did not mature into real right on registration because its object does not change. The applicant does not obtain any competency, but mere performance by a third party.

[25] The Barnett case is a classic case of Rei Vindicatio because the applicant { the State) as land owner wanted to evict certain persons from its land. The owner, in the Keet decision too wanted to enforce its rights as owner.

[26] The applicant in this matter seeks to elevate its right into a vindicatory claim by contending that the right arises from ownership. It does not have ownership of the property, but a personal right.

[27] Keet judgment is in no way a conflicting judgment because the owner therein was exercising its competency.

[28] The applicant seeks to enforce a claim arising from an obligation to build which gave rise to a choice whether to enforce the condition or not. It is important to make this choice and act within a reasonable time.

[29]   Acquisitive prescription has nothing to do with this case.

[30] The only other decision of the High Court on a similar issue as the one in this matter is the judgment of Mbatha J in the matter of EThekwini Municipality v Mounthaven (pty) Ltd13 ( Mounthaven judgment)

[31]  In conclusion, Mr. Wagener submitted that there are no prospects of success on appeal and that if I were inclined to grant leave, it should be to the Supreme Court of Appeal.

[32] In reply, Mr Horn submitted that the fact that there is  another judgment on the same point  (Mounthaven judgment)  is  enough  reason why  leave to  appeal should  be granted.

[33] He also  countered  the  argument  about  the  object  of  the applicant 's right being performance and not a thing by stating that the

obligation relates to the property which is a thing. In conclusion he reiterated that this is acquisitive prescription because the land in question is burdened.

[34] With regard to costs, he submitted that if I grant appeal, costs should be in the appeal.

ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF GROUNDS OF APPEAL AND ARGUMENTS ADVANCED

[35] The issues for decision were clearly summed up in paragraph [43] of my judgment in the Ramokgopa matter, and it reads as follows:

"ISSUES FOR DECISION

[ 43] According to the respondent, the issues that I am required to determine are whether, the applicant 's claim for retransfer of the propert y   to   itself   constitute   a   debt   as   contemplated   in   the
Prescription  Act  68  of	1969  (" the  Prescription  Act" )	and  if  so,

whether the debt has prescribed in terms of section 1 1 (d) thereof. The applicant  denies  that the right is  a debt and contends  that the question of prescription should be determined by first examining the nature of the right that is conferred by the title condition. The issue here is whether its registration in the Deed of Transfer means that it is

a real right, and is incapable of prescription. An additional or alternative argument is whether the right is a personal servitude that expires after 30 years in terms of section 7( 1) of the Prescription Act.

[36]	It is important to note that there is no attack on how I arrived at the conclusion  that;
(a)	registration in the title deed  does not elevate the condition   to a real right when one takes into account (i) the construction (phrasing) of the title condition in question, (ii ) the provisions of the Deeds Registries Act, and (iii) the origins of the subtraction from the dominium test (the background on how such conditions became registrable) ,
(b)	the decision of the SCA in the Willow Waters judgment is not applicable (binding on me ) in the facts before me,
(c)	the issues before me were distinguishable from what Du Plessis J was confronted with in the Mosikare matter. In fact, and as far as I could establish, and as counsel for the respondents in the Puling matter (Mr. Wagener) correctly submitted, Du Plessis J did not go into the discussion with  regard to  the distinction between real and personal rights. He simply stated that the title condition  is  a  real right.
(a)	

(37J The only issue, in my view that on a flirting glance of the grounds of appeal appears to have merit is whether the reference to the Barnett and Leketi decisions vitiated the findings that I made with regard to the issues that were before me.
[38) It is misleading to contend that I relied on decisions I judgments that were overturned by the Supreme Court of Appeal.
The judgments in question  came about when  I quoted from the decision of the Constitutional Court in the matter of Road Accident Fund and Another v Mdeyide•
Paragraph [65) of my judgment in the Ramokgopa matter reads as follows:
"In the RAF v Mdeyide matter para  1 1  Van Der Westhuizen  J  stated the following

"Generally under  the Prescription   Act,  prescription  applies  to a debt. For the purposes  of this Act, the term debt has been given a broad  meaning to refer to an obligation to do something,  be  it  payment  or  delivery  of goods  or to abstain  from  doing  something.  Although  it  may  on occasion be doubtful  whether  an  obligation is  indeed  a  debt  in  terms  of  the Act, there is  no  doubt  that  a  claim  under  the  RAF  Act  constitutes a debt. However, the RAF Act regulates the prescription  of  claims  under  it  and

some of  the differences between the two statutes have been placed  at the core of this matter.

[39] In the subsequent paragraphs (66 - 69) of my judgment, I then highlighted the issues that were considered by the  courts  in the  matters that were referred to in the Constitutional Court judgment of RAF v Mdeyide and concluded  in paragraph 69 that  the  claim was  a debt.

[40] I was aware of the Absa v Keet decision when I wrote my judgment, hence I referred to it right after making reference to the Barnet and Leketi decision.
My view though was that the title condition before me is different from credit agreement clauses such as the one in the Absa v Keet judgment, hence my finding that the applicant's claim is not vindicatory in nature.

[40. l ] The applicant has already passed ownership of the property to the respondents in the matters before me for the simple reason that all conditions in that regard have been fulfilled, but has reserved a right to re-claim ownership if the purchaser does not build a dwelling within 18 months of transfer.
This is not the case with clauses such as the one in the Absa v Keet matter.   The  credit  grantor  remains  owner  until  the  full  amount  is

paid . In the event of default, it exercises its rights as owner of the property in question.

[41]    In defending the Special Plea, the applicant submitted that in order to decide the question of prescription, I should first look at the nature of the right that is conferred on it by the title condition in question. The applicant relied on the fact that the condition to claim re-transfer of the property was registered in the title deed and as such it is a real right and will only expire after 30 years.
It is clear from the analysis I undertook with regard to the law, the phrasing ( construction) of the title condition, the history of the subtraction of from the dominium test  that the applicant' s contentions in this regard cannot stand.
As I indicated above, there is no attack on this part of the judgment.

[42] The applicant contends without  substantiating,  that  I  should  not have preferred the wide  meaning of the word  "debt  ".

TEST FOR LEAVE TO APPEAL

f43] I am not required at this stage to justify, supplement or re-write my judgment. On the same breath, the applicant is not at liberty, at this stage
to present a new case, new arguments or supplement its case.

The purpose of the exercise I undertook above was to place in proper context the findings that I made which constitute the grounds of appeal. The applicants seem to have extracted certain words I sentences from certain parts of the judgments, and in certain instances, attributed to the judgments certain findings that were never made.
I may have gone overboard by quoting many authorities and in some instances not indicating the reason for making such references. This does not detract from the findings I made on the issues before me. The applicant does not agree that the word "debt" must be given a wide meaning. However, no submissions were made with regard to interpretation of this word, other than reliance on the fact that the title condition is registered in the Deeds Registry and that it is a real right.

[44] It is a serious misdirection to rely on authorities that have been overturned by higher a court and as correctly submitted by Mr. Horn, the Supreme Court of Appeal would be entitled to interfere.
However, the reference or rather mentioning of those authorities was incidental as they were referred to by the Constitutional Court  whilst laying down the principles on the meaning of the word "debt" in the Prescription Act by referring to earlier authorities.
The relevant paragraph is [1 1] which reads as follows:

24

" Generally  under  the  Prescription   Act,  prescription  applies  to a debt. For  the purposes  of  this Act,  the term debt has been given a broad meaning  to refer to
on obligation to do something, be it payment or delivery of goods or to abstain from doing something. 12 Although it may on occasion be doubtful whether on obligation is indeed a debt in terms of the Act, 13 there is no doubt that a claim under  the  RAF  Act  constitutes  a  debt.  However,  the  RAF  Act  regulates  the
prescription  of  claims  under  it and some of  the differences  between  the two

statutes hove been placed at the core of this matter"

Footnotes 12 and 13 read as follows:

" 12	See  Barnett  and  Others  v  Minister  of  Land  Affairs  and
Others 2007 (6) SA 3 13 (SCA); 2007 (1 J) BCLR  12 14 (SCA) at para 1 9 and
Desai NO v Desai and Others [19951 ZASCA 1 1 3; 1996 (I ) SA 141 (SCA) at I46H. Further see section  1 of the Institution  of  Legal  Proceedings   Against Certain Organs of State Act 40 of 2002 for a similarly brood definition of debt, with the additional  requirement  that  the  debt  must  be owed  by  on  organ of  state:

" ' debt' means any debt arising from any cause of action-

I.	which arises from delictuol,  contractual  or  any  other  liability, including a cause of action which relates to or arises from any-

(i)	act performed under or in terms of any low: or

(ii)	omission to do anything which should have been done under or in terms of any low: and

( b) for which on organ of state is liable for payment of damages . . .

13 This issue was raised for instance in Njongi v M EC, Deportment of Welfare, Eastern Cope [20081 ZACC 4: 2008 (4} SA 237 (CC): 2008 (6) BCLR 571 (CC), where
this Court raised but ultimately left open the question of whether a constitutional obligation could be considered a debt. In Boundary Financing Ltd v  Protea Property Holdings ( Pty) Ltd 2009 (3) SA 447 (SCA) at para 13, it was held that a claim for rectification of  a contract  was  not  a debt in terms of  the Prescription

[45] In the matter of Mtirara v Landmark Mthatha (Pty) Ltd , Petse ADJP reiterated the test for leave to appeal and stated the following:
[ 14] The requirements for leave to appeal have, in a long fine of cases, been held to be existence of a reasonable prospect of success on appeal. (See: R v Baloi 1949 (1) SA 523 (AJ at 524, R v Nxumalo  1 939 AD  580 at 582, R v Ngubane  & Others 1 945 AD 185 at 187, Capital Building Society v De Jager & Others, De Jager and Another v Capital Building Society 1964 (1) SA 247 (AJ, Afrikaanse Pers  Bpk v Olivier 1949 (2) SA 890 (OJ at 892 - 893, S v Ackerman en 'n Ander 1973 (1) SA 765
(AJ and S v Sikosana 1980 (4) SA 559 (AJ at 562.J

[ 1 5] Although some of the cases cited in the preceding paragraph were criminal cases it has been held that the test is the same and the same need for the test to be applied properly applies also in civil cases. (See : Botes & Another v Nedbank Limited 1983 (3J 27 at 28 C (ADJ )

[ 16]  In giving consideration to the application I am therefore enjoined by judicial authority to take cognisance of the test which is of application in matters of this nature. This necessarily entails that I should consider the application objectively and to the extent that human nature allows disabuse my mind of the fact that I reached  the  conclusion  that  I  did in  the  main  application.  Indeed  judicial authority  enjoins  me  to  reflect  dispassionately  upon  my  decision  and  decide whether there is a reasonable prospect that the Appeal Court may disagree with my decision.

[46] am required to consider.  objectively,  whether  there  are reasonable prospects of another court coming to a different conclusion than that I arrived at in my judgment.

[47] I have to the best of my ability, now and when  writing   the judgments on which leave to appeal is  sought,  considered  all  the judgments in this Division and elsewhere that dealt with similar issues. As I

indicated in the Ramokgopa judgment, all of them are distinguishable because they were decided on different considerations, even though prescription was initially raised as a defence in some.

[48] I am aware of at least one more judgment that was delivered few weeks before my judgment. This is the judgment of Manamela AJ in the matter of Bondev Midrand (Pty) Ltd v Letsholo and Others
The issue before Manamela AJ is captured in paragraph 2 and it reads as follows:
[2] I henceforth refer to the condition quoted above as the building time limit. The applicant has decided to exercise the option in the building time limit and seeks re- transfer of the property back from the first and second respondents. As required as part of exercising this option, the applicant tenders the ref und of the purchase price, but accordingly requires the re-transfer to be at the first and second respondents' expense. The application is opposed only by the first and second respondents, but is without prejudice  to the rights of the fourth respondent as bondholder over the property.[4] The first and second respondents ( the respondents) contend that the applicant is reneging from the latest arrangement or agreement to extend the building time limit, which couldn't be consummated due to a supervening impossibility. Therefore, a brief factual background of the matter is necessary'

[49] Manamela AJ considered the judgments of Fabricius J and  Du Plessis J like I did. In paragraph [ l8], he stated, amongst others the following:
However, in my view, this does not justify derogation from the principles shared and conclusion reached by Du Plessis J in Mosikare. I agree with the decision in Mosikare that the obligation  remains despite the lapse in  the building  time limit and  therefore   the  requirement   to  erect  a  dwelling   will  -  in  the  absence  of
stipulated time period - have to be within a reasonable time. However, as stated
above, all these appear to be superfluous because the parties have decided to locate their arguments elsewhere, despite my views at first blush about impossibility of performance relating to the building time limit.

He then ordered the respondent to re-transfer the property to the applicant. The reasons appear in paragraph [20] where he concluded that:
[20) Once I have decided against that the existence of the caveat [ against the property  in the deeds records] does not avail the respondents, it follows that the respondents did not fulfil the third condition in the February 2014 arrangement to extend the building time limit. Therefore, there is breach in this regard, and the applicant is entitled to exercise the option for a re-transfer of the property back from the respondents. The ancillary orders sought are in terms of the contract or in case the respondents do not cooperate with the ordered process.

[50] I must concede though that the uncertainty that is caused by matters being decided on technicalities and leaving open serious questions of law are not in the interest of justice.

[50.1] The applicant has been party to almost all the judgments that I was referred to during the hearing and those that I considered on my own.

[50.2] As I have already stated above, the only other judgment where a plea of prescription under similar circumstances was upheld and after consideration of the merits thereof is in the judgment of Mbatha J in the Mounthaven matter. The fact that the judgments of Mbatha and I are decisions of single judges does not entitle the  applicants  to  create  non-existing  conflicts

with an earlier judgment (Du Plessis J) with a view to attract the attention of the Supreme Court of Appeal.

[51] The applicant also criticizes my judgment on the  basis  that  I should have, but did not follow the  SCA judgment of Maya JA in the Willow Waters matter to make a finding that "an obligation that may otherwise conform to the broad definition of " debt" is servitudinal  in nature if it meets the two requirements set in that decision"

[52] I considered the judgment of Maya JA. I also examined the differences between the title condition that was before Maya JA and the one before me. The former, known as CONDITION C in the title deed has no end because membership of the Home Association is compulsory whereas in the one before me the condition to re-transfer falls off once fulfilled, within the 18-month period or any extended period as the parties may agree.
In paragraphs 55 and 56 of Ramokgopa judgment I stated the following:
"[55] Title condition C links ownerships  of  the  erf  with  perpetual membership of the  Home  Owners  Association  . This has no end . As  Mr. Manalo  has put  it, it is performance  in perpetuity.
In coming to the conclusion that a similar condition constitutes a real right,

Maya JA in  the  Willow  Waters matter  pointed  out  the requirements  that

I     '

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must be met (subtraction from the dominium  test}  and  went  further  to state that "... Whether the title condition embodies a personal or real right which restricts the exercise of ownership is a matter of interpretation"
[56] I do not agree with the submission that registration of personal obligations in the Deed of Transfer determines whether a right is real or personal. As I have indicated above, a title condition that imposes mere obligations are registrable in terms of the proviso to section 63( 1 ).
As I have already observed above, counsel for the applicant and  the Learned JA have omitted to quote the proviso .

[53] There was no plea of prescription in the matter that was before Maya AJ. In paragraph 16, the Learned JA emphasized that irrespective of whether the title condition is a real or personal right, what is important is how it is interpreted.
Accordingly, and f or reasons stated in the judgments, I still do  not believe that I should have simply followed the Willow Waters judgment.

[54] With regard to whether registration  of  the  condition  in the  title deed is of any significance, I also noted in my judgment (bottom of paragraph 56 of the Ramokgopa judgment) that Maya JA did not take into account the proviso to section  63( l )  of the  Deeds Registries Act,

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which  in my view  is very  important  in as far  as the  issues that  were before  me  were  concerned,  namely,  whether   registration  of  a  title condition elevates it to real rights. This was  not before Maya JA. Paragraph [21] of the Willow Waters judgment reads as follows:
For a condition to be capable of valid registration as a real right, the second
aspect requires that  it must carve out  a portion of, or take away something from,  the  dominium.[lM  This  principle  is  embodied  in	of the Deeds Registries  Act  47  of  1 937 in terms of which '[n]o deed, or condition in a deed, purporting to create or embodying any personal right, and no condition which does not restrict the exercise of any right of ownership in respect of immovable property, shall be capable of registration'." (quotation of Section  63(1)  as it appears in the Willow Waters judgment) .

[55]	The	applicant	chose	how   to	defend	the	special	plea   of prescription. I may re-iterate the applicant's contentions  in this regard;
" The applicant denies that the right is a debt and contends that the question of prescription should be determined by first examining the nature of the right that is conferred by the title condition. The issue here is whether its registration in the Deed of Transfer means that it is a real right, and is incapable of prescription. An additional or alternative argument is whether the right is a personal servitude that expires after 30 years in terms of section 7( 1 ) of the Prescription Act."

[56] I did not on my own start an enquiry about Section 63( 1 ) of the Deeds Act. The defence was raised in the Replying Affidavit.  If anything, it is the applicant that should have proved that the condition complies with all the requirements of Section 63( 1 ) of the Deeds Act and not the other way round. As  I have already  noted in my judgment,

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the applicant' s (and Maya JA 's ) reading of Section 63( 1) of the Deeds Act does not take into account the proviso thereof.

[56.1]	It  is  therefore	disingenuous	on   the	part   of	the applicant at this stage to allege that I erred by ;
"5. finding that the applicant' s right in terms of the title condition was persona/ in nature, but registrable in terms of section 63 of the Deeds Registries Act in circumstances where
5. I the first respondent did not contend or prove that the applicant' s right in terms of the condition was " complimentary or otherwise to a registrable condition" .
5.2    a   registrable    condition    to    which    the

applicant' s right in terms of the condition may be complimentary or ancillary has not been shown to exist; and
5.3 the applicant is entitled to become owner of the property in the event of non-compliance with the title condition"

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CONCLUSION AND ORDER

[57] Having considered all the arguments and the grounds of appeal , I am not convinced that there are reasonable prospects of another court coming to a different conclusion than  that I arrived at in my judgment.
Accordingly, I make the following order:

[58]    In case  number 72637/2013;

[58.1]	The application for leave to appeal is refused; and [58.2]	There is no order of costs.

[59]   in case number 58/2014;

[59.1]	The application for leave to appeal is refused; and [59.2]	The applicant is ordered to pay the first and the second respondents ' costs.

Acting Judge of the High Court

APPEARANCES:

Case number:       72637/201 3:

APPLICANT:	Advocate  N.J Horn

Instructed by:	Tim Du Toit & CO. Inc

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Lynnwood, PRETORIA

FIRST RESPONDENT :	None

Case number:	58/2014:

APPLICANT:	Advocate N.J Horn

Instructed  by:	Tim Du Tait & CO. Inc Lynnwood, PRETORIA

RESPONDENT:	Advocate  S.D Wagener  SC

Instructed  by:		Gerhard Wagenaar  Attorneys Lynnwood Glen, PRETORIA