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REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA

GAUTENG DIVISION, PRETORIA

 

(1)      REPORTABLE: YES / NO

(2)      OF INTEREST TO OTHER JUDGES: YES/NO

(3)      REVISED.

 

 

Case No:  66282/18

20/6/2019

 

                                                                                               

In the matter between:       

 

SA RETAIL PROPERTIES (PTY) LTD                                             APPLICANT

 

and

 

NICOLA ENGLEZAKIS                                                                   RESPONDENT

 

JUDGMENT

 

G JACOBS (AJ)

[1]        In this Application the Applicant seeks an order:

            “That the estate of the Respondent is placed under provisional sequestration.”

 

[2]        The Respondent is further called upon to advance reasons on a return date          (which have since passed, as this Application was opposed by the Respondent)   why the Court should not order the final sequestration of his estate.

 

[3]        The Respondent opposed the Application and also moved that certain allegations in the Founding Affidavit be struck on the grounds of hearsay. I will deal with the      the Respondent’s opposition to the relief the Applicant seeks, infra.

[4]        Respondent did not file Heads of Argument and a Practice Note, in accordance    with the Practice Directive of this Court. The Application was duly set down by         the Applicant on the opposed roll for the week of 3 June 2019 and was allocated (in the week preceding 3 June 2019) for argument on 4 June 2019. On 4 June     2019 Counsel on behalf of the Respondent, Advocate T Lipshitz requested the         Court to accept a Practice Note and Heads of Argument from the bar. In order to          avoid a further delay in the hearing of the matter I asked Advocate GT             Avvakoumides, who appeared on behalf of the Applicant, if he had any objection.            No objection        was raised and I stood the matter down to be argued on 5 June       2019 and for me to consider the Heads of Argument filed on behalf of        Respondent. As a result of the aforesaid, the Respondent is liable for the wasted          costs of 4 June 2019, notwithstanding the outcome of this Application.

[5]        The Application to strike was not persisted with neither in the Heads of Argument   nor in Argument before this Court.

[6]        The Applicant’s locus standi to bring the Application is based on a “Deed of           Settlement, Acknowledgement of Debt, and Court Order”, incorporated in a Court          Order by Prinsloo J, on 6 June 2017 (hereinafter the “June 2019 Order”).

[7]        The relevant part of the June 2017 Order, for purpose of this Application reads as   follows:

“2.

 

            On the Applicant’s version, the Respondents are indebted to the Applicant in the sum of R2 187 548.27 … [not relevant] … in accordance with the attached        annexure marked Annexure “A”.

 

3.

 

            The Respondents will within 30 days, provide the Applicant with their calculations of arrears due and owing by the First Respondent in order that the quantum thereof be agreed within the aforementioned 30 day period.

 

4.

 

            Should the Respondents fail to do so within the aforementioned period of 30         days, then it shall be accepted by the parties that the quantum is as set out in Annexure “A” hereto.”

 

[8]        The June 2017 Order, in paragraph 5 and 6 thereof, undertook to make certain    interim payments, in liquidation of the First Respondent’s (in that Application)         indebtedness to the Applicant, and payment of future rental on due date. The        current Respondent was the Second Respondent in that Application. These    paragraphs (5 and 6) were the subject of an urgent application on 9 March 2018          (Case No.: 57082/2016) before Tuchten J and is also the subject of a pending action in Case No.: 38530/17 in this Court.

[9]        In the pending action in Case No.: 38530/17, the indebtedness, as acknowledged by the Respondent and set out in paragraph 11 supra, is not challenged, nor has      that order (the June 2017 Order) been varied or rescinded. Even if certain    payments (as Respondent alleges) should have been allocated to the amount of     R2 187 548.27, the Applicant has shown on the papers that the Respondent is      indebted to the Applicant, as provided for in Section 9(1) of the Insolvency Act   (Act 24 of 1936). In this regard see: (as to a disputed claim) Braithwaite v     Gilbert (Volkskas Bpk Intervening) 1984 (4) SA 717 (W). Therefore, the     Applicant has the necessary locus standi to ask for the relief it seeks.

[10]      The Applicant further has to either:

 

            10.1    Show that the Respondent is insolvent; or

            10.2    Show that the Respondent has committed an act of insolvency as defined                      in Section 8 of the Insolvency Act.

 

[11]      In my view the Respondent, in the Opposing Affidavit, by (and referring to paragraph 14 of the Founding Affidavit) not dealing with the alleged indebtedness     to the Applicant (and other creditors) and stating:

 

            “43.     The total alleged liability on the Applicant’s papers amounting to R10 149                        062.89 … and

 

            44.       The Applicant has reflected no value in my sequestration.”

 

            Admitted that he is actually insolvent. Therefore, the debate as to whether Applicant has complied with Section 10(b) of the Insolvency Act should stop here.

 

[12]      In the event that I am wrong in the fining that Respondent is insolvent, (or admitted that he at least by implication admitted same) I am of the view that        Respondent did commit an act of insolvency, as envisaged in Section 8(b) of the Act. The reasons therefore, the following:

 

            12.1    The alleged hearsay argument have been abandoned.

 

            12.2    The fact that Applicant relies on a nulla bona return of another creditor is                       of no consequence. See: Abel v Strauss 1973 (2) SA 611(W) at 612 and                        613. See further: Kerbell v Chames 1925 WLD 72 at 75.

 

            12.3    The allegation of the Respondent that the nulla bona return reflects an                          address other than the Respondent’s place of residence or his place of                     business, also does not assist the Respondent. See: Beira v Raphaely-                       Weiner and Others 1997(4) SA 332 (SCA) at 338.

 

            12.4    The Sheriff’s allegations in the return of nulla bona is prima facie proof of                        the allegations therein. See: Van Vuuren v Jansen 1977 (3) SA 1062 (T)                        and De Wet v Le Riche 2000 (3) SA 1118 (T).

[13]      Therefore, the Applicant has, in my view, complied with Section 10(b) of the          Insolvency Act.

 

[14]      The last question that remains is whether the Applicant has shown that there is a reason to believe that it will be to the advantage of Respondent’s creditors if his   estate is sequestrated (See Section 10 (c) of the Insolvency Act).

[15]      In this regard the Applicant has to show at the stage when it seeks the        provisional sequestration of the Respondent, prima facie that there is reason to    believe that it (the sequestration) will be to the advantage of creditors. See:   Amod v Khan 1947(2) SA 432 (N) at 437 as well as Nescum & Co. v   Freedman 1948 (2) SA 555 (W) at 558.

[16]      The words, “reason to believe” was dealt with in Commissioner, SARS v Hawker             Aviation Partnerships and Others [2006] ZASCA 51; 2006 (4) SA 292 (SCA) at paragraph [29] …

           

            “The answer seems to lie in those decisions that have held that a court need not to be satisfied that there will be an advantage to creditors in the sense of immediate financial benefit. The court need be satisfied only that there is reason   to believe – not necessarily a likelihood, but a prospect not too remote – that as a   result of investigation and inquiry assets might be unearthed that will benefit    creditors.”

 

[17]      In the present case it is undisputed:

            17.1    That there is a trust “Nicola Englezakis Trust (IT14302/06) (hereinafter     “the Trust”) who owns an immovable property at 33 Peacanwood Estate,    Hartbeespoort. The Respondent is a Trustee of the Trust as alleged by   himself, in “Annexure “N” to his Replying Affidavit. This house (33    Peacanwood) is not where the Respondent allege he resides (24 Fairway View, Peacanwood). The latter is his personal property (See paragraph   17.2 infra).

 

            17.2    The Respondent is the owner of two immovable properties, Erf 687     Bryanston and Erf 426 Peacanwood Extension 7. (See paragraph 7.1 of   the Founding Affidavit read with Annexure “K” thereto). This allegation is   met with the following reply (see paragraph 37 and 38 of the Opposing    Affidavit – replying to paragraph 6.10 to 7.6, 9, 10 and 13 of the Founding  Affidavit):

 

                        “37.    The allegations contained in these paragraphs are not pertinent to                                  this matter and we dealt with above,

                                    [nothing was said with regards to the properties]

 

                        38.       Ms Koning and the Applicant have no personal knowledge of the                                   dealings between Hyprop, NFGR and I. This evidence amounts to                                   hearsay.” [my comment]

                        As the hearsay allegation was not persisted with this does not dispute the                      factual allegation made by the Applicant. Respondent further admits that                       he has two outstanding bonds. (See paragraph 42.1 of the Answering                       Affidavit and Annexure “NE7” thereto).

 

            17.3    The Respondent is a businessman and Director of at least Coalmans                       Steak Ranch (PTY) Ltd and NFGR Investments (Pty) Ltd.

 

[18]      The Respondent does not deal with his financial position at all. The values of the properties in his name is not disclosed. His interest in the business and the Trust        are not disclosed, nor does he even attempt to take the Court in his confidence       and set out his financial position. From this a negative inference can and should            be drawn.

[19]      The Western Cape High Court in an unreported judgment [Bozalek J], 9   October 2013 in Vincemus Finance (Pty) Ltd t/a Kempston Finance v DH Kaye and B Kaye (Case No.: 20498/2012) dealt with how the Court should    approach the question of benefit to creditors, inter alia where Trusts are involved.

[20]      Taking into account all the facts of the present case and applying the principles    set out above, I am of the view that the Applicant satisfied this Court that prima      facie there is a reason to believe that there will be advantage to creditors, if the estate of the Respondent is sequestrated.

[21]      This leaves only the question of costs and the return date for the provisional         order. A new return date has been obtained by Counsel on behalf of the        Applicant and included in a draft order handed to me. The costs, of the     Application, in my view, should be costs in the sequestration, both appearances on 4 and 5 June 2019 inclusive.

[22]      In the premises, the following is ordered:

 

            22.1    The Respondent’s estate is provisionally sequestrated and placed in the                        hands of the Master of the High Court.

            22.2    A rule nisi is hereby issued, returnable on 17 September 2019 at 10h00 or                       as soon thereafter as Counsel may be heard, calling upon the Respondent                       to advance reasons, if any, why the Court should not order final                       sequestration of the said estate.

            22.3    A copy of this order shall be served upon the Master of the High Court, the                     South African Revenue Services and shall be advertised once in the                        Government Gazette and once in the Pretoria News.

            22.4    Costs of the Application shall be costs in the sequestration. These costs                       shall include the costs of the appearances on 4 and 5 June 2019.

 

G JACOBS

ACTING JUDGE OF THE HIGH COURT

GAUTENG DIVISION, PRETORIA

 

APPEARANCES:

 

For the plaintiff:            Adv GT Avvakoumides (SC)

                                         Instructed by Mark Efstratio Attorneys

                                         PRETORIA

 

For the defendant:        Adv T Lipshitz

                                          Instructed by Manong Badenhorst Attorneys

                                          JOHANNESBURG

 

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