SAFLII Note: Certain personal/private details of parties or witnesses have been redacted from this document in compliance with the law and SAFLII Policy	
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

IN THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA
LIMPOPO DIVISION, POLOKWANE

(1)	REPORTABLE: YES/NO
(2)	OF INTEREST TO THE JUDGES: YES/NO
(3)	REVISED.

							CASE NUMBER: A15/2018
11/2/2020

In the matter between: 
WILSON KABELO MALUKA		  			 	APPELLANT
AND  
STATE								      RESPONDENT	
									________________
JUDGEMENT
												
KGANYAGO J 
       	
[1] 	 The appellant was arraigned in the Regional Court held at Nebo on one count of rape read with the provisions of section 51(1) of Act 105 of 1997 and one count of assault with intent to do grievous bodily harm. He pleaded guilty to the count of assault with intent to do grievous bodily harm and not guilty to the count of rape. He was convicted on both counts. On the count of rape, he was sentenced to life imprisonment, whilst on the count of assault with intent to do grievous bodily harm he was sentenced to twelve months imprisonment. The sentences were ordered to run concurrently. 
[2]	Since the appellant was sentenced to life imprisonment in the Regional Court, he is having automatic right of appeal. The appellant has appealed against both conviction and sentence on the count of rape. However, in his heads of arguments and when the appeal was argued, his counsel conceded that the conviction was in order. 
[3] 	 The background facts are that on the 8th May 2015 the complainant who was fourteen years old was called by the appellant to follow him to S[….]’s bedroom. The complainant and the appellant are cousins. On arrival in S[….]n’s bedroom, the appellant told her to undress all her clothes and she refused. He threatened to assault her. He instructed her to lie on bed which she did. He undressed her pants and underwear and thereafter opened her legs. After opening her legs, he had sexual intercourse with her without her consent. 
[4] 	 After he had finished, she went to sleep. Her mother and S[….] arrived. She reported to them that the appellant had raped her. They confronted the appellant and he denied raping her and later fled the scene. She was taken to hospital for check-up. The appellant denied raping the complainant.
[5] 	 Since the appellant is no longer challenging conviction, there is no need for me to deal with his grounds of appeal on that aspect. On sentence, the appellant’s grounds of appeal are that the sentence of life imprisonment is too severe and that no reasonable court would have imposed it. That the trial court failed to take into consideration the appellant’s personal circumstances which are that the appellant was 26 years of age at the time of the commission of the offence, he was a first time offender, he has been suffering from epilepsy since 2005, he has spent thirteen months in custody as an awaiting trialist and, that the said rape cannot be described as falling into the worst rape cases.
[6] 	 In relation to conviction, I am satisfied that the trial court has taken the evidence before it in its totality and has analysed it properly. It can therefore not be faulted in convicting the appellant. Counsel for the appellant has correctly conceded that the conviction of the appellant on the count of rape was in order. 
[7] 	 Turning to the sentence, it is trite that the sentencing is the prerogative of the trial court, and should not lightly be interfered with. An appeal in which the interference with the sentence will be justified is when it is found that the trial court has misdirected itself in some respect or if the sentence imposed was so disturbingly disproportionate that no reasonable court would have imposed it. The test is not whether it exercised its discretion properly. (See S v Romer 2011 (2) SACR 153 (SCA) at para 22 to 23).
[8] 	 The sentence imposed by the trial court is prescribed by section 51(1) of Act 105 of 1997 in that the appellant has raped a child below the age of 16 years. The prescribed sentence to be imposed is life imprisonment unless the court finds that there are substantial and compelling circumstances justifying a deviation. 
[9] 	In Director of Public Prosecution, Pretoria v Tsotetsi Copper AJA said: “As held in Malgas confirmed in S v Dodo, and explained in S v Vilakazi, even though ‘substantial and compelling’ factors need not be exceptional they must be truly convincing reasons, or ‘weighty justification’, for deviating from the prescribed sentence. The minimum sentence is not to be deviated from lightly and should ordinarily be imposed.”
[10] 	The mitigating factors which the trial court took into consideration were that the appellant was 29 years old, he was unemployed, he used to receive disability grant for epilepsy which has been terminated, he is having three minor children who are residing with their mothers, he is a first offender, and that he has spent thirteen months in prison out of his own making as he was given bail but failed to attend court and was re-arrested.
[11] 	In aggravation of the sentence, the trial court took into consideration that the appellant has planned the offence, has raped a fourteen years old victim, the complainant is still traumatized as she is still having nightmares, the appellant has caused division between the two families. 
[12]  	In Tshabalala v The State; Ntuli v The State Mathopo AJ said the following:
	“The facts of this case demonstrate that for far too long rape has been used as a tool to relegate the women of this country to second-class citizens, over whom men can exercise their power and control, and in so doing, strip them of their rights to equality, human dignity and bodily integrity.  The high incidence of sexual violence suggests that male control over women and notions of sexual entitlement feature strongly in the social construction of masculinity in South Africa.  Some men view sexual violence as a method of reasserting masculinity and controlling women.”
[13] 	The appellant and the complainant are related. The appellant was therefore supposed to protect her and not invade her privacy and dignity, and in so doing, has humiliated and degraded her. The complainant had trust in the appellant, and the appellant had broken it. Rape of women and children has become a scourge in this country as it is a daily occurrence. Without generalising, it seems men no longer have respect on women and children. They see the women and children as objects which they can use to satisfy their sexual desires at any given moment without any repercussions. This cannot be allowed to continue as if it is business as usual. It is the duty of the court to protect the vulnerable. 
[14] 	The factors advanced by the appellant in mitigation of sentence in my view, are not truly convincing reasons or mighty justification for deviation from the prescribed minimum sentence. The trial court has considered the factors before it and correctly found that the aggravating factors far outweigh the mitigation factors. The appellant did not show any remorse at all. In my view, there are no substantial and compelling circumstances that were presented that justify a deviation from the prescribed minimum sentence.
[15]	 In the result I make the following order:
	15.1 The appeal against both conviction and sentence is dismissed.

____________________________________________
KGANYAGO J
JUDGE OF HIGH COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA, 
LIMPOPO DIVISION, POLOKWANE

I AGREE

                                                    ____________________________________
                                                       MONENE AJ
                                                      ACTING JUDGE OF THE HIGH COURT OF SOUTH
                                                       AFRICA LIMPOPO DIVISION, POLOKWANE

APPEARANCE:
COUNSEL FOR APPELLANT   	 : MP LEGODI
INSTRUCTED BY  	                   	 : LEGAL AID SOUTH AFRICA
							  
COUNSEL FOR RESPONDENT	 : ADV MASHIANE
INSTRUCTED BY   			 : DPP LIMPOPO POLOKWANE
								
DATE OF HEARING   		 : 13 DECEMBER 2019
DATE OF JUDGEMENT 		 :  12 FEBRUARY 2020